348 BRITISH LEPIDOPTEKA. 



"Verh. Sieb. Ver.," p. 58 (1850); Seyff., "Ver. Vat. Nat, Wiirrt.," v., p. 97 (1850); 

 Vig., " J.-B. Ver. N. K. Nass.," vi., p. 57 (1850); Hein., " Stett. Ent. Zeit.," xii., 

 p. 63 (1851); Ghil., " Elenco," p. 24 (1852); Freyer, "Neu. Beit.," viii., p. 90 

 (1856); Now., "Lep. Hal.-Or.," p. 30(1860); Kranz, " Schmett. Munch.," p. 35 

 (1860) ; Kell. and Hoffm., "Verh. Nat. Wiirtt.," xvii., p. 288 (1861) ; Pritt., " Stett. 

 Ent. Zeit.," xxiii., p. 504 (1862) ; Cooke, " Merrifield's Brighton," p. 213 (1864) ; 

 Zell., " Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien," xviii., p. 579 (1868) ; Gn., " Lep. Eure-et-Loir," 

 p. 56 (1875) ; Tutt, "Brit. Moths," p. 343 (1896). Fumaria, Haw., "Lep. Brit.," 

 pt. 3, p. 473 (1811). Fumea, Haw., "Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.," p. 340 (1812) ; 

 Stephs., "111. Brit. Ent.," ii., p. 82 (1829) ; Curt., "Brit. Ent.," vii., p. 332(1830); 

 Wood, "Ind. Ent.," p. 27 (1839) ; H.-Sch., " Sys. Bearb.," v., p. 61 (1855) ; Sta., 

 " Man.," i., p. 167 (1857); Mann, "Wien. Ent. Monats.," L, p. 147 (1857); Ramb., 

 " Cat. Lep. And.," p. 315 (1858) ; Bert., " Pollichia," 1859, p. 319 (1859) ; Hofni., 

 "Berl. Ent. Zeits.," iv., p. 28(1860); Kef. and Wernbg., "J.-B. Ak. Erfurt," i., 

 p. 156 (1860) ; Staud., " Cat.," 1st ed., p. 27 (1861) ; Led., " Wien. Ent. Monats.," 

 vii., p. 23 (1863); Ross., "J.-B. Ver. Nat. Nass.," xix-xx., p. 140 (1866) ; Const., 

 " Cat. Lep. Saone-Loire," p. 91 (1866) ; Gart., " Verh. Nat. Ver. Briinn," iv., p. 165 

 (1866); Mill., "Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon," xiv., p. 360(1867); Nolck., "Lep. Fn. 

 Est.," p. 120 (1867) ; Hint., " Zeit. Ferdinand.," (3), xiii., p. 232 (1867) ; Maassen, 

 " Stett. Ent. Zeit.," xxix., p. 439 (1868) ; Stange, " Verz. Halle Schmett.," p. 18 

 (1869) ; Cuni y Mart., " Cat. Lep. Bare," p. 63 (1874) ; Kretsch., " Mitt. Ver. 

 Frankf.-a.-O.," ii., p. 27 (1884). Canephora, Hdrch., "Lep. Eur. Cat.," ed. 3, p. 24 

 (1851); Reutti, "Lep. Bad.," 1st ed., p. 49 (1853); Wocke, "Cat. Lep. Siles.," p. 2 

 (1853) ; Koch, " Schmett. S.-W. Deutsch.," p. 72 (1856) ; Assmuss, " Symb. Faun. 

 Mosq.," p. 14 (1858). 



The diagnosis of this genus reads (Verz. beh. Schmett., p. 399) as 

 follows : 



Die Fliigel schittern beschiippelt, doch ziemlich bedeckt. 



Hiibner's genus includes six divergent species— pennella, plumi- 

 gerelld, plumella, pectinella, nitidella, and bombycella. Of these, pen- 

 nella belongs to Heterogynis, plumigerella is undetermined, plumella 

 = pulla, nitidella is a Fumea, whilst bombycella (considered by Stau- 

 dinger an Epichnopterix) and pectinella (considered by Staudinger a 

 Fumea) are united to form the genus Bijuyis, Heylaerts. This leaves 

 only plumella = pulla of the known original species, as the type of the 

 genus Epichnopterix, this species being included in the genus by 

 Staudinger and Heylaerts. But almost all recent authors have used 

 Epichnopterix as a genus equal in value to something rather more than 

 our Epichnopterygidae. Staudinger includes therein species of the 

 Fumeid genus Bruandia, of Bijuyis, and Whittleia, besides the true 

 species of Epichnopterix, Eambur's Psychidea being placed by this author 

 in Fumea ; whilst Heylaerts includes Whittleia and Eambur's Psychidea 

 in Epichnopteryx, but eliminates Bijuyis and Bruandia. In addition 

 both authors treat the graecella of Milliere (which has an anterior 

 tibial spur and hence should be a Psychidea) as a variety of E. pulla. 

 The recognised species of Epichnopterix appear to be E. mentonella, 

 pulla, innitidella, hofmanni, ardua, Jlavociliella, tamierella, and ?myrmi- 

 donella. The genus as here limited may be diagnosed as follows : 



Ovum. — Comparatively large, oval, laid in mass in pupa-skin, female then drops 

 out of case. 



Case. — Spindle-shaped ; silken tube sheathed with flat grass leaves ; particu- 

 larly extended posteriorly. 



Labva. — Abdominal segments bulky, tapers towards head. Head small, rounded, 

 black, shiny, clypeus edged with white. Prothorax longer (front to back) than 

 mesothorax and metathorax ; thoracic segments corneous, polished black, with 

 broad, white mediodorsal, subdorsal, and lateral bands. Abdomen red-brown, 

 segmental incisions strongly marked ; segments divided into two subsegments ; 

 tubercle i outside ii, iii supraspiracular, iv and v subspiracular, vi and vii below 

 these, setae long, slender, on small chitinous plates; anal plate chitinous, dark;. 



