EPICHNOPTERIX PULLA. 349 



lateral flanges very marked ; spiracles large raised on short tubes ; prolegs of 

 ordinary Psychid form with strong hooks. 



Pupa. — g . Labium bifurcate at tip ; maxillae long and square ; jaws long ; 

 maxillary palpi obsolete ; cheeks rather low down ; dorsal head-piece very minute ; 

 antennae slightly beyond 1st pair of legs; two stout ventro-anal hooks; scars of 

 prolegs strongly marked ; abdominal segments with anterior transverse rows of spines 

 and posterior intersegmental series (4-5 — 7-8) ; tubercles much as in larva ; meta- 

 thorax wide, with tubercles as minute hairs ; hardly to be detected. ? . Head 

 very similar to that of a larva (with clypeus, cheek-pieces with depression above 

 clypeus), mandibles distinct ; labrum almost a part of clypeus ; antennae form 

 lappets low down on cheeks ; labium forms another lappet ; with maxillae forming 

 smaller lappets on either side ; the three pairs of legs pass outwards from middle 

 line ; wings form small lappets almost reaching the legs ; anterior spines flat and 

 blunt ; intersegmental spines quite blunt. The face-parts adhere to ? imago on 

 emergence. 



Ijiago. — ■ (f . Uniformly coloured ; clothed with hair-like scales ; rather 

 broader scales with a few striae scattered over forewings and more abundant on 

 costa and at apex ; some scales on hind wings still more defined. Antennae with 

 scaleless pectinations. Anterior tibiae without spur ; posterior tibiae with two well- 

 developed pairs of spurs. ? . Vermifoum ; naked ; head small, ventral, mouth- 

 organs modified, not functional ; legs appear as minute warts ; antennae as warts ; 

 eye-spots dark ; wings obsolete ; thoracic segments with whitish corneous dorsal 

 shieids, the head carrying pupal head-parts; skin transparent (some of the internal 

 organs visible) ; reddish-yellow in tint with faint anterior transverse dorsal abdo- 

 minal plates. 



The peculiar spindle-like case of this genus, in which flat grass 

 leaves swathe closely as it were the silken tube, and the drawing together 

 of the materials at the free end of the case are in striking contrast with 

 Fumea, where they often widely diverge, and the effect is increased by 

 the materials being often apparently blades instead of stems of grass, 

 which lie very flatly to the case. The materials used appear to be 

 always grass — often culms, sometimes blades, especially of those with 

 thick fleshy triangular leaves. The older material is well in evidence, 

 and always so rotted and wasted that it looks like the remains of flat 

 leaves when probably really stems, and an appearance of dirt and 

 Conferva is due rather to this condition of the material than to such 

 natural materials. The chips covering the collapsible mouth are 

 longer and narrower than the short angular pieces of Fumea. The 

 large quantity of pale markings on the head and thorax of the larva, 

 and the peculiar pupal structure showing in the male pupa an absence 

 of maxillary palpi, the cheeks dipping far below the jaws, and a very 

 minute headpiece, Avhilst the face-parts of the female pupa adhere to 

 the head of the imago on emergence, and the characteristic anterior 

 row of transverse hooks are represented by flat and blunt eminences, 

 and the posterior intersegmental row of hooks as blunt points (whilst 

 those of Whittleia, have points bearing sharp hair-like processes) are 

 perhaps worthy of notice. The males of the genus have the uniform 

 grey or black tint characteristic of most of the higher Psychids. 



Epichnopterix pulla, Esper. 

 Synonymy. — Species: Pulla, Esp., " Schmett. Abbild.," iii., p. 232, pi. xliv., fig. 

 3 (1785) ; Vill., " Ent. Linn.," ii., p. 155 (1789) ; Bork., " Sys. Besch.," iii., p. 287 

 (1790); Brahm, "Ins.-Kal.," ii., p. 501 (1791); Jung, " Alph. Verz.," ii., p. 144 

 (1792) ; Ochs., " Die Schmett.," iii., p. 107 (1810) ; Germ., " Mag. Ent.," i., p. 44 

 (1813); Meig., "Hand. Schmett.," p. 121, pi. xi., fig. 9 (1827); "Eur. Schmett.," hi., 

 p. 11, pi. lxxxviii., fig. 13 (1830) ; Stephs., "111.," ii., p. 82 (1829) ; Curt., "Brit. 

 Ent.," fig. 332, nee case (1830) ; Wood, " Ind. Meth.," p. 27, fig. 82 (1839); Bdv., 

 " Gen. Ins. Meth.," p. 79 (1840) ; Her., " Stett. Ent. Zeit.," iii., p. 7 (1842) ; Dup., 

 " Hist. Nat.," supp, iv., p. 72, pi. lvi., fig. 11 (1842) ; " Cat. Meth.," p. 65 (1844); 



