358 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



un brun intense, tres-uni, tirant legerement sur le rougeatre, et non luisant (cl'ou le 

 nom cle innitidella) . La f range est de la meme couleur que le fond, mais elle est 

 pr6c6dee d'un lisere plus fonce. Les antennes sont longues, finement pectinees et 

 aigues. La tete tres-petite et globuleuse. Le dessous est un peu plus clair que le 

 dessus, passablement luisant, mais avec les nervures tres peu distinctes (Bruand). 



To this Bruand adds that he was informed by Delaharpe that he 

 had collected this insect in the neighbourhood of Lausanne, but that 

 he had not taken the male and knew nothing of the female nor of the 

 case. His fig. 67 is poor enough and suggests a Fumea rather than 

 an Epichnopteryx, but his figure of radiella (known to be pidla) is 

 equally unsatisfactory. Zimmermann records it from the Lower Elbe, 

 and Jordan doubtfully from Liineburg. 



Comparison of E. pulla with E. var. sieboldii. — Heinemann 

 says (Schmett. Deutsch., i., p. 135) that this and the following species 

 (sieboldii) are very similar ; pulla is larger, pure black, much more 

 densely scaled, the forewings longer, truncate, the costa and margin 

 straighter, the apex and inner angle distinctly marked, the former 

 rounded into a smaller curve ; the hindwings extended, reaching beyond 

 the inner angle of the forewings, with rather distinct front angle. The 

 antennae with 16-17 pectinations decreasing a little towards the apex. 

 Hofmann says that the female of E. pulla, is very close to that of E. 

 var. sieboldii, both being of a light red-brown colour, with yellowish- 

 brown, corneous, dorsal plates on the thoracic segments. The cases 

 of the males and females do not appear to differ in any respect from 

 those of sieboldii. 



Comparison of E. pulla with E. ardua. — E. ardua is a delicate 

 little species which looks exactly like a pigmy pulla of 7mm. or 8mm., 

 and is described by Mann as follows : 



Fumea ardua. Allied to pulla and sieboldii, but much smaller, 4 lines in 

 expanse. Head, thorax, breast and legs black, scaled with wool, antennas one-third 

 length of wings, the hagellum and the long widely separated pectinations also black. 

 The wings are yellowish-grey, rather darker at base, rather thickly set with fine 

 long black hair-scales. Fringes long, yellowish, tinted at apex of forewings, on the 

 costa shorter, thicker, black. Underside paler than above, rather shining, thinly set 

 with short scales ; the nervures are very prominent, the fringes coloured as above. 

 The case is 3 lines long, cylindrical, set with fine grass stalks arranged lengthwise, 

 I found it in the middle of July, on the Franz-Josef peak and the Gamsgrube of the 

 Gross Glockner [Mann, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xvii., p. 845 (1867)] . 



The four examples in the British Mus. coll. appear to have been 

 received from Mann by Zeller, and are labelled "Tyrol, vi. '67, Mann." 

 It is a very small species very closely resembling E. pulla and evidently 

 very closely allied thereto. The pale blackish-grey wings make it more 

 like the paler forms of the allied species, but as two of the examples are 

 distinctly darker than the others, there is probably a similar range of 

 variation in this respect to that exhibited by E. pulla. Chapman notes 

 ardua as of different form, being somewhat paler, and, therefore, looking 

 much thinner scaled but not really so, it also has smaller antennal 

 pectinations and only 17 antennal joints. 



Egg-laying. — The eggs are laid almost entirely in the pupa-case, 

 but when the ? has almost finished her egg-laying, she emerges com- 

 pletely from the pupa and places some eggs between the pupa-case and 

 sac towards the top, all being mixed with some wool. These are the 

 last laid before the exhausted female drops out of the case. 



Ovum. — The eggs are comparatively large, '73mm. long, '48mm. 

 broad, and oval in outline. 



