378 BRITISH LEPlDOPTERA. 



Erfurt," i., p. 144 (1860) ; Staud., " Cat.," 1st ed., p. 27 (1861) ; 2nd ed., p. 63 

 (1871) ; " Stett. Ent. Zeit.," xxii., p. 361 (1861) ; "Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross.," xiv., p. 

 349 (1879) ; Wilde, " Pilanz. Eaup. Deutsch.," ii., p. 73 (1861) ; Nick., " Lotos," 

 xi., p. 154 (1861); Cooke, " Merrifield's Brighton," p. 213 (1864) ; Wernbg., "Btr.," 

 i., p. 376 ; ii., p. 167 (1864) ; Friv., " Mag. Tud. Akad.," xi., (4), p. 148 (1865) ; 

 Nolck., " Lep. Fn. Estl.," p. 119 (1867) ; Hint., " Zeit. Ferdinand.," (3), xiii., p. 232 

 (1867); Bang-Haas, "Nat. Tids.," (3), ix.,p. 407 (1874); xii., p. 172(1881); Hofn., 

 " J.-B. Mus. Karnt.," xvi., p. 164 (1884) ; Sint., " Arch. Nat. Liv.," (2), vii., p. 335 

 (sep. p. 15) (1876) ; Curo, "Bull. Soc. Ent. It.," viii., p. 143 (1876) ; Mill., "Iconog.," 

 iii., p. 208(1877); Weiler, " Schmett. Innsb.," p. 15 (1877) ; Zell., "Stett. Ent. 

 Zeit.," 1877, p. 434; Bozsay, "Cat. Lep. Poson," p. 8 (1878) ; Tur., " Bull. Soc. 

 Ent. Ital.," xi., p. 170 (1879) ; Standi., " Zeit. Ent. Bresl.," vii., pp. 31, 42 (1879) ; 

 Fritsch, " Danks. Akad. Wien," xli., p. 64 (1879); Tgstr., "Not. Sallsk. F. F. 

 Fenn.," x., p. 300 (sep. p. 10) (1869); Peyer., "Cat. Lep. Als.," 2nd ed., p. 58 (1880); 

 Frey, "Lep. der Schweiz," p. 90 (1880) ; Hell., "Ber. Ver. Innsb.," xi., p. 90 (1881) ; 

 Schoyen, " Lep. Ark. Nor.," p. 176 (1881) ; Herg., " Stett. Ent. Zeit.," xlii., p. 154 

 (1881); Kill., "J.-B. Graubiinden," xxiii-xxiv., anh. p. 64 (1881); Kemp., "Rovart. 

 Lapok," i., p. 99 (1884) ; Bom., " Mem. sur Lep.," ii., p. 7 (1885) ; Lampa, "Ent. 

 Tids.," 1885, p. 38; Schmid, " C.-B. Nat. Ver. Eegensb.," xxxix., p. 83 (sep. p. 34) 

 (1885); Riihl, "Soc. Ent.," ii., p. 13 (1887); Pet., " Btr. Kennt. Beuss. Reiches," (3), 

 iv., p. 85 (1888); Auriv., "Nord. Fjar.," p. 59 (1889) ; Teich, "Arb. Nat. Ver. Riga," 

 vi., p. 19 (1889) ; Pabst, "Iris," iii., p. 106 (1890) ; Dale, "Lep. Dors.," ed. 2, p. 9 

 (1891); Stein., "Iris," v., p. 413 (1892); Hoffm., "Stett. Ent. Zeit.," liv., 

 p. 144 (1893) ; Barr., " Ent. Mo. Mag.," xxx., p. 218 (1894) ; " Lep. Brit.," ii., 

 p. 339 (1895) ; Carad., " Iris," viii., p. 86 (1895) ; Meyr., " Handbook," p. 444 

 (1895) ; Schutze, "Iris," ix., p. 334 (1896) ; Lutz., " K.-B. Ver. Riga," xxxix., no. 

 46 (1896) ; Reutti, "Lep. Bad.," 2nd ed., p. 307 (1898). Pachythelia, Humph, and 

 Westd., "Brit. Moths," i., p. 94 (1851); " Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.," 1854, p. 221. 

 Oiketicus, Westd., "Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.," 1854, p. 235. Thyridopteryx, White, 

 "Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond.," v., p. 32 (1858). Oiketico'ides, in part, Heyl., "Ann. Soc. 

 Ent. Belg.," xxv., p. 70 (1881). Chalia, Kirby, " Cat. Lep. Het.," p. 507 (1892). 



Heylaerts' diagnosis of the genus reads (Ann. Soc. Ent. Bely., xxv., 

 p. 166) as follows : 



Acanthopsyche, mihi. Antennes bipectinees jusqu'au sommet; les barbules 

 diminuent en longueur du milieu vers le sommet. Les tibias anterieurs portent 

 une epine tibiale tres longue. 



This so-called generic description is really a subfamily one, and 

 Heylaerts recognises this by subdividing it into three so-called sub- 

 genera — Oiketico'ides, Pachytelia, and Amicta — all of which, however, 

 are heterogeneous and heterotypical. These have already been dealt 

 with at length (ante, p. 375). We would here restrict the genus 

 Acanthopsyche to the little group of which opacella is the type. 



The main structural points of the genus appear to be as follows : 



Ovum. — Exceedingly delicate, oval (but compressed so as to lose shape) ; shell 

 transparent ; finely granulated ; large but scarcely traceable surface reticulations ; 

 packed closely in empty pupa-skin. 



Case. — Roughly cylindrical, slightly constricted at neck, mouth somewhat 

 expanded, slightly tapering at opposite end, silk whitish, loosely spun outside, more 

 closely inside ; covered with fine particles of vegetable debris nearest silk, and with 

 larger pieces outside, all pointing to free (emergence) end, standing off case at angle 

 of 30°-40° near mouth (spun-down end) ; male case with slight silken tube 

 at free end. [Much less bulky, covered with more varied materials, and less 

 projecting sticks, than case of Pachythelia.] 



Larva. — Head small, rounded above, very flat beneath, polished, black, antennae 

 prominent ; body widest at 3rd and 4th abdominal segments, tapers gradually to 

 head, abruptly to anus, latter rounded; segmental incisions distinct; prothorax 

 long and narrow, mesothorax wider, metathorax shorter and broader, all with black 

 polished dorsal plates, with white medio-dorsal line on pro- and mesothorax (fainter 

 on metathorax) ; abdominal segments dark, incisions paler, divided into two sub- 

 segments, lateral and ventral areas yellowish ; spiracles very large, oval ; lateral 

 flange strongly marked ; tubercles i smaller and outside ii, iii with long seta, iv and 

 v small, v less than iv ; plates at base of sette large ; prolegs with marked central 



