ACANTHOPSYCHE OPACELLA. 389 



Pupa. — $. 7mm. -9mm. long, rather robust, of ordinary Macro- 

 Psychid type, i.e., fairly cylindrical, the head, prothorax, and anterior 

 part of mesothorax forming a rather truncate, though sloping, front, 

 up to which the full size of the pupa is maintained ; the abdominal 

 segments tapering very slightly, with a slight forward curve, made 

 more evident by the curving forwards of the last three segments so as 

 to bring the anal hooks to a definite ventral aspect. The wing-cases 

 are fixed to abdominal segments 1 and 2, and closely appressed, but 

 not adherent, to the nearly white front of 3. The colour is pale 

 brown, hardly materially darker dorsally. The head, or rather the 

 face-parts, quite ventral in position ; the antennas very large, wide, and 

 marked by strong transverse ridges, extend not quite to end of wings, 

 second legs to same length, third just visible beyond between tips of 

 wings, first legs less than half the length of second, very short indeed, 

 as they start below the face-parts, whilst the second start higher up 

 beside them, and the antennas form, at their bases, part of the vertex 

 alluded to above as contributing to the truncate anterior end of the 

 pupa. The anterior femora occupy a very small triangle between 

 the anterior legs. The face-parts are well developed ; the clypeus, not 

 marked off by sutures, presents a boss above labrum which is large, 

 prominent, and divided into an upper and lower portion. The man- 

 dibles are rounded, rather transverse, eminences on either side of this. 

 The line across ends of labrum and mandibles is tolerably straight, but 

 bends upwards, when it passes outwards between cheeks and maxillae 

 which extend outward in a separate piece that looks very like a 

 maxillary palpus, much as it appears in the Cochlidids. The labium is 

 large, with a transverse basal eminence and two prominences side by 

 side beyond. The maxilla? are as long and nearly as large as the 

 labium, rounded at their extremities and extending outwards, as noted 

 above, below the eyes, so as to touch the antenna?. The dorsal anterior 

 abdominal hooks are present on 6, 7, and 8, but not in front of these, 

 those on 8 resting on rather a high flange. The intersegmental spines 

 are well -developed on 4 and 5 and less so on 3, evanescent on others. 

 The hooks are in one definite row in each series ; the intersegmental 

 ones are hooked with the concavity forward, but are not so appressed 

 to the surface as in some $ pupa?, being shorter and blunter than they 

 are when so appressed. The dorsum of each segment is transversely 

 wrinkled and carries i and ii, i being a bristle towards the outer 

 anterior portion of the wrinkled area, ii at its posterior margin and 

 near the middle line ; these bristles and that (iii) above spiracle are 

 well-developed and of about equal size ; above and behind the spiracles 

 is a depression, placing them on an eminence, but they do not them- 

 selves project ; beneath them is a raised ridge, with depressions below 

 marking with sundry wrinkles, but not very distinctly, the three ridges 

 of the lateral (larval) flange. There are one or two bristles below the 

 spiracles, one lower down and two (or three) above prolegs, and one 

 bslow them, but these are difficult to detect and be quite positive as to 

 positions. The proleg-scars are well raised above the general surface, and 

 marked by several rings of deep wrinkles. The anal structure presents 

 two great ventral bosses on 10 directed ventrally and ending in a blunt 

 point, or flattening, and outside this a prominent forward curving 

 hook of dark colour. Immediately between these bosses is the well- 

 marked anal furrow, and at its dorsal extremity, still rather between the 



