PACHYTHELIA. 393 



abh. p. 73 (1852) ; Ghil., " Elenco," p. 25 (1852) ; Speyer, " Stett. Ent. Zeit.," p, 

 323 (1852) ; " Geog. Verb. Schmett.," i., p. 306 (1858) ; ii., p. 278 (1862) ; Frey, 

 "Neu. Beit.," vi., p. 109 (1856) ; Miill., "Lotos," vi., p. 145 (1856); Sta., " Man.," 

 i., p. 166 (1857) ; Mann, " Wien.Ent. Monats.," i., p. 147 (1857); Hein., "Schmett. 

 Deutsch.," i., p. 181 (1859); Trim., " Act. Soc. Linn. Bord.," xxii., p. 34 (1859) ; 

 Hofm., " Berl. Ent. Zeits.," iv., pp. 18-19 (1860) ; Kef. and Wernebg., " J.-B. Ak. 

 Erfurt," p. 144 (1860); Now., " Enum. Lep. Hal. Or.," p. 30 (1860); Wilde, 

 " Zeits. Nat. Halle," xvi., p. 306 (1860) ; " Pflanz. Baup. Deutsch.," ii., p. 73 

 (1861); Staud., "Cat.," 1st ed., p. 26 (1861) ; 2nd ed., p. 62 (1871) ; " Hor. Ross.," 

 xiv., p. 348 (1879) ; "Stett. Ent. Zeit.," xlviii., p. 94 (1887); Nick., "Lotos," xi., 

 p. 154 (1861) ; Hoff. and Kell., " J.-H. Ver. Vat. Nat. Wiirtt.," xvii., p. 238 (1861) ; 

 Mill., "Iconog.," ii., pi. 102, figs. 6-12 (1868) ; Hi., p. 465 (1874); "Ann. Soc. Linn. 

 Lyon," xviii., p. 12 (1871) ; " Cat. Lep. Alp.-Mar.," p. 99 (1875); Wernbg., "Btr.," 

 i., p. 126 (1864); Cooke, " Merrifield's Brighton," p. 213 (1864) ; Const., "Cat. Lep. 

 Saone-et-Loire," p. 90 (1866) ; Ramb., " Cat. Lep. And.," ii., p. 295 (1866) ; Hint., 

 " Zeit. Ferdin.," (3), xiii., p. 251 (1867) ; Wallgrn., " Skand. Het. Fjar.," ii., pp. 

 46, 49 (1869) ; p. 429 (1885) ; "Ent. Tids.," ii., p. 106 (1881); Heyl., " Tijd. voor 

 Ent.," xiii., p. 148 (1870) ; Wocke, " Zeits. Ent. Bresl.," N. F. iii., p. 25 (1872) ; 

 " J.-B. Schles. Ges. Vat. Cult.," liii., p. 163 (1876); Bang-Haas, " Nat. Tids.," (3), ix., 

 p. 407 (1874); Glitz, " J.-B. Ges. Han.," xxiv., p. 36 (1874); Curo, " Bull. Soc. Ent, 

 Ital.," viii., p. 142 (1876) ; Sint., " Arch. Nat. Liv.," (2), vii., p. 335 (sep. p. 15) 

 (1876) ; Pet., " C.-B.Ver. Riga," xxii., p. 8 (1877) ; Weil., " Verz. Schm. Innsbr.," 

 p. 15 (1877); "Lep. Taufers," p. 17 (1880); Pari., " Trans. Dev. Ass.," x., p. 550 

 (1878) ; Eozs., " Cat. Lep. Poson," p. 8 (1878) ; Tur., "Bull. Soc. Ent. It.," xi., p. 

 165 (1879); Standi., " Zeit. Ent. Bresl.," vii., pp. 31, 42 (1879) ; Pffctz., "Deutsch. 

 Ent. Zeit.," xxiii., p. 37 (1879) ; Fiori, " Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.," xii., p. 213 (1880) ; 

 Peyer., " Cat. Lep. Als.," 2nd ed., p. 58 (1880) ; Frey, "Lep. Schweiz," p. 90 (1880) ; 

 Ersch., "Trudy Soc. Ent. Ross.," xii., p. 203 (1881); Hell., " Ber. Ver. Innsb.," 

 xi., p. 90 (1881) ; Boss., "J.-B. Ver. Nat. Nass.," xxxiii-xxxiv., p. 67 (1881); Husz, 

 " Magy. Tud. Tars. Evkon.," viii., pp. 251, 283 (1881) ; Herng., " Stett. Ent. Zeit.," 

 xiii., p. 153 (1881) ; Lampa, "Ent. Tids.," p. 38 (1885) ; Rom., " Mem. sur Lep.," 

 ii., p. 6 (1885) ; Schmid, " C.-B. Ver. Nat. Regensb.," xxxix., p. 83 (1885) ; Jord., 

 " Schmett. N.-W. Deutsch.," p. 94 (1886) ; Vang., "Rovart. Lap.," iii., p. 143 (1886) ; 

 Calb., "Iris," L, p. 151 (1887) ; Zimm., " Verh. Ver. Nat. Hamb.," vi., p. 21 (1887) ; 

 Mina-Pal., "Nat. Sic," vii., p. 225 (1888); Schmidt, "Soc. Ent.," iii., p. 58 (1888); 

 Teich, "Arb. Nat. Ver. Riga," vi., p. 19 (1889) ; Piing., " Stett. Ent. Zeit.," 1., p. 

 144(1889); Auriv., "Nord. Fjaril.," p. 59(1889); Riihl, "Soc. Ent.," v., p. 151 

 (1891) ; Dale, " Lep. Dorset.," 2nd ed., p. 9 (1891) ; Garb., " S.-B. Ak. Wiss. Wien. 

 Math. Nat. CI.," ci., p. 933 (1892); Czek., "Verh. Sieb. Ver. Nat.," xiii., p. 44 

 (1892); Reut., " Macrolep. Fin.," p. 26 (1893) ; Carad., "Iris," vi., p. 200 (1893) ; 

 viii., p. 86 (1895) ; Barr., " Ent. Mo. Mag.," xxx., p. 217 (1894) ; xxxi., pp. 60, 97 

 (1895); "Brit. Lep.," ii., p. 334 (1895); Meyrick, "Handbook," p. 445 (1895); 

 Tutt, " Brit. Moths," p. 343 (1896) ; Lutzau, " K.-B. Ver. Riga," xxxix., Bomb. no. 

 43 (1896) ; Reutti, "Lep. Bad.," 2nd ed., p. 307 (1898). Penthophera, Curt., "Brit. 

 Ent.," v., pi. 213 (1828) ; Stphs., "111.," ii., p. 79 (1828); "Cat.," p. 57 (1829) ; 

 Wood, " Ind. Meth.," p. 27, pi. vii., fig. 30 (1839). Sterrhopterix, Stphs., " List 

 Anim. Br. Mus.," v., 1st ed., p. 55 (1850); 2nd ed., p. 52 (1856). Oiketicus, Westd., 

 " Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.," 1854, p. 220. Pachytelia, Heyl., " Ann. Soc. Ent. 

 Belg.," xxv., p. 42 (1881) ; " C.-R. Ent. Belg.," xxviii., p. xcii (1884) ; " Rom. Mem. 

 sur Lep.," ii., p. 177 (1885). Canephora, Kirby (nee Hb.), " Cat. Lep. Het.," p. 503, 

 in part (1892). 



Westwood was the first author to show that villosella should be 

 isolated in a separate genus. He points out (Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., 

 v., pp. xli-xlii) that the Penthophera nigricans of Curtis, could not be 

 generically associated with the type of that genus, Penthophera morio, 

 on account of its transformations, the apterous state of the female, the 

 want of palpi, and peculiar neuration of the wings in the male. He 

 asserted that the latter character, as well as the almost obsolete, 

 exarticulate antenme of the female likewise removed it from Psyche 

 fiiHca, and the genus Fumea of Haworth. Mr. Westwood accordingly 

 proposed for it the generic name of Pach ythelia, considering it most 

 nearly allied to Oiketicus macleayii, Guilding. The genus was sub- 

 sequently diagnosed by Westwood as follows : 



