408 BRITISH LEPIDOPTEEA. 



narrow ; movable incisions between 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 7-8, folded 

 in, and of dark colour, and with a sharp row of points on the posterior 

 edge of each segment {i.e., on intersegmental membrane) ; segments 

 8-10 fall sharply to anus ; a distinct trace of lateral flange of larva 

 observable especially on the meso- and metathorax and 1st abdominal 

 segment, where a distinct groove is observable ; another transverse 

 ridge of hooks on the anterior edge of abdominal segments 3-8 (weak 

 on 3), this ridge separated by the intersegmental membrane from the 

 posterior ridge on preceding segment. The posterior hooks of one 

 segment form a sort of forceps with the anterior of next. Laterally : 

 The antennal base protrudes beyond the prothorax, the prothoracic 

 spiracle deeply embedded in the pro-mesothoracic incision ; the wings 

 conspicuous, especially the outer margin of the hindwing ; the 

 abdominal spiracles dark, oval in outline, each in a depression, that on 

 the 2nd abdominal on the edge of the wing and more dorsal than the 

 others ; the depression evidently analogous with that between the 

 lateral ridges of larva. General notes: The tubercles appear to be 

 identical with those of larva, i outer, ii inner, iii supraspiracular, with 

 a depressed area posterior to it, iv (strong) and v (weak) very close 

 and subspiracular, vi single, and vii double just dorsal to proleg scar. 

 The amount of pupal movement is almost incredible. It wriggles its 

 abdominal segments, the terminal ones moving round and round, and 

 rolls rapidly about when on smooth paper or moves along on its back 

 by a quick upward and downward movement of the abdominal 

 segments. Cutting the end of the silken tube projecting from the free 

 end of the case and shaking it, soon persuaded the pupa to wriggle out 

 with a rapid backward movement. [Described June 9th, 1899, from 

 pupa sent by Mrs. Cowl.] Bacot noted May, 1898, that the row of 

 fine slender curved spines on the posterior dorsal area of the movable 

 abdominal segments pointed forwards, whilst on the anterior edge of 

 each succeeding segment, was a group or irregular row of much 

 stronger but shorter spines, pointing backwards, and that these two sets 

 were brought into close proximity. Chapman writes : The male pupa 

 is very stout and short, compared with many species, e.g., Canephora 

 unicolor, and more so if compared with Standfussia zermattensis, or a 

 Fumeid pupa. Length 13mm., width 4mm. ; free segments 3 

 (dorsally), 4, 5, 6, and 7 ; anal hooks very strong and sharp. It has 

 several features of approach to a pupa-obtecta that are absent in the 

 lower Psychids — (1) The wings seem firmly soldered to the body 

 throughout, but only extend to end of 2nd abdominal (or with a slight 

 free margin over 3rd). (2) There is no dorsal headpiece. (3) On 

 dehiscence the head, legs, antennse, &c, separate as one entire piece. 

 There is at base of wings, especially the hindwings, the appearance of 

 an articulation, more obvious than in most pupae, and even than in 

 most Psychids, where it is very common, especially in female pupae of 

 Fumeids, Epichnopterygids, &c. Dorsal hooks are found on the 

 anterior of abdominal segments 3-8 (very weak on 3), the inter- 

 segmental hooks are present immediately above all anterior hooks. 

 Depressions marking the three elements of lateral flange in larva very 

 distinct ; prolegs marked by large oval depressions with raised ring in 

 centre (the proleg proper). Two hairs are very obvious at base of 

 labrum ; jaws prominent ; cheeks about as wide as labrum ; the 

 labium forms a lappet about as long as wide, narrower at base and at 



