PSYCHINAB. 41 3 



beginning of May in Hanover, the imagines appearing from the begin- 

 ning of June to the end of July. Sahlberg gives imagines as occur- 

 ring from July 4th-13th, 1874, at Euovesi in Finland, and Edwards 

 bred a male on June 23rd, 1897, from a pupa obtained in the forest at 

 Fontainobleau, whilst Gauckler found spun-up cases at Wildpark, near 

 Carlsruhe, on May 14th, 1896. 



Localities. — Devon: very rare (Parfitt). Dorset: Isle of Purbeck, Ware- 

 ham (Bankes), Knighton Heath, Poole Heath, Parley Heath, West Parley coppice 

 (Dale), West Hurne (Barrett), Bloxworth (Cambridge). Hants : Bournemouth 

 (Cowl), Ringwood, Lyndhurst (Stevens), Studland (Dale), Wimborne, Verwood, St. 

 Leonards, New Forest (where it is scarcer than on the outlying heaths) (Fowler). 

 ? Sussex: Brighton dist. (Cooke). 



Distribution. — Asia Minor: Beyrout, Cyprus (Speyer), Brussa (Mann), Kis. 

 Aole (Lederer), Pontus — Amasia (Staudinger). Turkestan: Saisan (Staudinger). 

 Austro-Hungary : Fiume, Carinthia, Spalato (Mann), Trafoi (Wocke), Pressburg 

 (Bozsay), Vienna, Wippach in Carniola, Buda, Dalmatia (Speyer), Galicia — Rzesna, 

 Brody(Garbowski),Lemberg(Nowicki),Brivnn (Miiller), Bohemia — Konigsaal(Schnei- 

 der), Tyrol — Taufers, Innsbruck (Weiler),Hermannstadt (Czekelius), Epiries (Husz), 

 Kocsocz (Vangel), Dalmatia (Oberthiir), Bohemia (Nickerl). Belgium: Antwerp nr. 

 Hoogstraeten, Mmderhout, &c. (Heylaerts). Corsica: Ajaccio (Speyer). Denmark: 

 Vroue, S. of Skive (Bang-Haas). Finland: Buovesi — Pekkala (Sahlberg). France: 

 Dept. Doubs — Maison-Bouge, nr. St. Vit, &c, Lyons (Bruand), Haute-Garonne 

 — St. Beat, Ardiege, Luchon (Caradja), Dept. Var (Cantener), Gironde (Trimoulet), 

 Saone-et-Loire (Constant), Cannes, Alpes-Maritimes (Milliere), Fontainebleau 

 (Edwards), Montpellier (Boisduval). Germany: rare on northern tableland and in 

 south Germany (Hofmann), quite rare in Silesia — Obernigk, Parchwitz (Standfuss), 

 Pomerania, Hamburg (Heinemann), Niendorf (Zimmermann), Erfurt (Keferstein), 

 Zeitz-on-the-Elster (Wilde), Nassau, near Mayence (Bossier), Silesia — Biemberg 

 (Wocke), Marbach (Hoffmann), Batisbon (Schmid), Alsace — Colmar, &c. (Peyerim- 

 hoff), Osterode (Jordan), Hanover (Glitz), Kaiserstuhl, near Oberschaffhausen, 

 Hintergarten, Kniebis, Karlsruhe, Wiirtemberg, Nassau (Beutti), Munich (Hart- 

 mann), Augsburg, Lauban, near Freiburg, Erlangen, Breslau (Speyer). Greece 

 (Staudinger). Italy: not common (Curo), Sicily (Mina-Palumbo), Palermo (Mann), 

 Lombardy — Brianza (Turati), ? Modena (Fiori). Netherlands : Gelderland — - 

 Arnhem, N. Brabant — Breda sometimes common (Heylaerts). Boumania : Gruma- 

 zesti, Slanic, Kloster Neamtz (Caradja). Bussia : Baltic Provinces — Dorpat, Neu- 

 Kasseritz (Sintenis), Wolmar (Lutzau), Transcaucasia — Ounous, near Ordoubad 

 (Bomanoff), St. Petersburg (Erschoff), Esthonia — Lechts (Petersen). Scandinavia: 

 rare Scania (Aurivillius), Bamlosa (Wallengren), ? Vestergotland (Dalman). Spain: 

 Andalusia (Rambur). Switzerland: up to 5500ft. (Frey), Grisons (Killias), Upper 

 Engadine, near Sils (Hnateck), Upper Engadine (Nickerl), Vispthal (Piingeler), 

 the Uto (Buhl). Turkey : southern parts, Constantinople (Staudinger). 



Subfamily: Psychinae. 



When the Psychinae branched from the ancestral Macro-Psychid 

 stem, it lost the anterior tibial spur, it also simplified nervure 4 within 

 the cell (i.e., it lost the cellula intrusa), and the scaling became par- 

 ticularly hair-like. At the same time nervure la remained more or less 

 present (or absent) but never anastomosed with 16, whilst the antennae 

 retained the full scaling on the shaft and pectinations, and even where 

 these scales have since become hair-like, they are readily distinguished 

 from the sense-hairs on the other aspects of the antennae. The 

 Psychinae are particularly well-developed in the Palrearctic area, and 

 hence a student of the European Psyehids usually attaches undue im- 

 portance to this subfamily, which forms in reality only a comparatively 

 small branch from the main stem, given off, as shown above, before the 

 antennal scaling specialised by disappearing, and before the anasto- 

 mosis of la and lb developed, but which specialised at once by losing 

 the anterior tibial spurs, as many Acanthopsychids did later. 



We have already noted (ante, p. 373) that Chapman proposes to 



