424 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



but close to the ground on Calluna vulgaris, Yaccinium uliginosum or 

 V. myrtillus, its favourite food-plants. The females also, differently 

 from those of S. hirsutella, mostly spin up high on tree-trunks. The 

 male case has the white silken emergence-tube, and the cast larval 

 skin on it ; that of the female lacks both. The male pupa is fully 

 twice as large as that of 8. hirsutella and clearer brown, otherwise not 

 different. The ? imago lives entirely in the case. The wings of the 

 male are covered with fine hairs only. Herrich-Schaffer's remarks as 

 to the neuration appear to be only partially correct, viz., 'the neuration 

 of the hindwings is like that of 8. hirsutella, but nervure 6 is want- 

 ing, and 4 and 5 do not arise from a common stalk but only close to 

 each other.' As a matter of fact 6 is as conspicuous as the others, and 

 4 and 5, although exceptionally unstalked, are usually found with a 

 short common stalk. The hindwings are, therefore, essentially like 

 those of S. hirsutella, but the transverse median nervule of the upper 

 subdivision of the discoidal cell is just as regularly present in 8. stand- 

 fussi as it is absent in 8. hirsutella. Herrich-Schaffer is further incorrect 

 in his description of the neuration of the forewing, 8. standfussi having 

 twelve nervures as in Psyche viciella (not eleven as in Pachythelia 

 villosella). S. standfussi, therefore, also has one more nervure in the 

 forewing than has 8. hirsutella, since it possesses instead of the one 

 nervure 10 of the latter species, two nervures (between the subcostal 

 and the stalked 8 and 9) running parallel from the front margin of the 

 cell to the anterior margin of the wing. Heinemann's description is un- 

 satisfactory, but male imagines and cases from the Upper Hartz show that 

 S. standfussi occurs in Heinemann's district. Speyer first considered it 

 distinct from, and afterwards referred it to, 8. hirsutella ; but one may 

 point out the difference of 7mm. by which S. standfussi exceeds the 

 latter, as well as the fact that the latter (although the larger) is a 

 mountain form, and that specimens of Psychid species (tenella, plu- 

 mella, &c.) are usually smaller at higher elevations. 8. standfussi is 

 essentially a mountain species, the lowest point from which it has 

 been recorded being the so-called " Seefelder " near Eeinerz (2317ft.). 

 The species appears scattered on all the heights of the Glatz mountains 

 (Gebirgskessel), on the Altvater (4621ft.) and on the ridges of the 

 Kiesengebirge (3000ft. -4000ft.)." Hoffmann notes the larva of S. stand- 

 fussi on Calluna and both species of Yaccinium in the Upper Hartz, and 

 states that it hybernates twice before reaching maturity. The case, he 

 says, " is nearly one-third larger than that of 8. hirsutella, Hb., otherwise 

 very similar, about 2cm. long, and -fcm. broad, the $ case with an open 

 tube fcm. long, parchment-like, white, the larval skin hanging from it 

 as soon as the case contains the intermediate larval form, or the pupa. 

 The case is somewhat pear-shaped in form (especially that of the ? ) 

 which is generally more regularly constructed than that of the $ , the 

 materials with which it is covered consisting of pieces of grass-culms, 

 heath stems, and generally placed at right angles to the longitudinal 

 axis. The $ larva also adds pieces of lichen and wood, which give the 

 case an extraordinary appearance." Aurivillius says that it is rare in 

 Scandinavia, Helsingland, and Arctic Norway. Petersen says Schoyen 

 received from Sandberg, from Sydvaranger, a $ which Heylaerts 

 determined as this species, and subsequently Sandberg found others. 

 It is said to fly at night. 



Ovum. — Heylaerts notes the eggs as yellowish-white with no trace 

 of pattern discernible. They are laid within the empty pupa-skin. 



