428 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



bearing two very large, powerful, curved spines on ventral aspect, 

 these are stout conical processes each ending in a sharp, stout, curved 

 claw. Spiracles, large, placed on anterior edge of segment, not 

 noticeably raised. Dorsal area has a more roughened, and wrinkled 

 appearance and the surface duller, than the appendages. On dorsal 

 area of abdominal segments 4-8, almost centrally (but appearing 

 somewhat anteriorly owing to compression of segments), is a group or 

 broad ridge of chitinous spines, pointing backwards, more pronounced 

 and prominent on the 7th and 8th, weaker and smaller on the 4th, 

 abdominals. On the posterior edge of the dorsum of the 4th abdo- 

 minal segment is a weaker row of spines pointing forwards, a less 

 developed row on the 3rd abdominal segment, and similar rows on the 

 segments following 4, but hidden (when the pupa is at rest) by the 

 folds of the intersegmental skin. Hairs or setae, representing the 

 larval tubercles i and ii, are present, i rather weaker than ii and 

 farther from central line ; a hair representing iii is also present, whilst 

 iv and v are close together as subspiraculars, and the tubercle and hair 

 (? vi) present in most Psychid larvae, as well as hairs representing the 

 basal tubercles (vii) of the larva, are also present. All the subspiracular 

 hairs are weak, but there is not a noticeable difference between those 

 of iv and v, as is the case in the larvae of some other species. The 

 wings are broad and large compared with the size of the pupa as a 

 whole, and more conspicuous, probably, owing to the shortness of the 

 abdominal segments. The antennae are very broad, show pectinations 

 distinctly, but do not nearly reach to end of wing-cases ; inside these 

 are the first two pairs of legs, the tips only of the third pair just 

 showing beyond them (Bacot). The noticeable feature of the head- 

 parts is the very dark coloration of the eye- and cheek-parts, the front 

 of the vertex, and, to a slight extent, the jaws and sides of the labrum. 

 The labrum is square, with small but somewhat long and narrow 

 mandibles, extending downwards and outwards from its lower angles ; 

 below this the labium is rather large and square ; on either side of 

 this the maxillae broader than long, so that the triangle each makes 

 has a sharp outer angle. The first femora are below these and between ; 

 the first legs have very markedly the basal division tending to mark 

 off the coxae (?), a basal part at any rate that only comes into view 

 in pupae like this, with very short labia and maxillae (Chapman). 

 Heylaerts states that the male pupa is dark brown, with gibbous 

 thoracic parts fron tally, an indication of the pectinated antennae, and 

 somewhat longitudinally-striped wing-cases ; the segments are not 

 provided with hooks. This last remark is quite unaccountable, as S. 

 hirsutella has the usual anterior and posterior (intersegmental) rows of 

 spines as well as the ventro-anal hooks. ? . The female pupa has 

 the head and thoracic segments, and half of the 1st abdominal segment 

 of the usual pupal brown colour, the 8th, 9th, and 10th abdominal 

 segments also, the intermediate portion black ; certain chitinous waves 

 look like the labrum, labium, &c, but these and the leg-covers are 

 very indefinite, and reduced to mere chitinous irregularities of surface ; 

 the wings are marked by similar but more distinct waved lines 

 laterally ; the scars of the prolegs are very marked, being great hollows 

 with raised margins ; the spiracles are polished points, and in some 

 lights glisten, in contrast to the dull general surface ; there are also 

 various grooves in the lateral region marking remains of flange [The 



