TRIOHIURA ORATAEGI. 485 



Gynandromobphism. — We have observed the following records of 

 gynandromorphous examples of this species : 



a. Esper figures and describes (Beobachtungen ein. neu. Z 'witter ■phaldne der B. 

 crataegi, pp. 12-20, pi. L, fig. 5) a gynandromorphous example, the right wings, the 

 right antenna, and perhaps the right half of body cf , the left antenna, wings, and 

 half of body ? . The specimen belonged to Jung of Uffenheim, and he notes that 

 there is a preponderance of female characters about the abdomen. It was bred in 

 1777 by Jung, larva found (with others) on apple trees, nothing peculiar observed 

 about any of them, and six examples finally bred, of which this was one. 



fl. One of my entomological friends here has bred this season a specimen of 

 Gastropacha crataegi, the right antenna of which, as well as the exact right half of 

 the body and the right wings are cT , whilst the whole left side is ? . The anal 

 organs are also male on the right and female on the left side. The differences in 

 the wings are very great, as the male side is much darker* than the female one, the 

 right male half of the abdominal segment is black, whilst the left female half is 

 simply pale grey. The larva did not appear to differ in any way from others of the 

 species (Muller, Ent. Mo. Mag., iii., p. 213, who received the note from Haury, of 

 Prague). 



y. The right forewing bears an exact resemblance in shape, colour, and mark- 

 ings to that of an ordinary male, whilst the opposite wing has all the characteristics 

 of the female. The hindwings are identical with those of a male and female 

 respectively, as also are the antennas. The left side of the body and corresponding 

 legs are brown, the opposite side and legs being grey, and agree with the colour of 

 the respective sexes. Bred August 26th, 1890 (Jackson, Entom., xxiii., p. 345). 



5. Another specimen similar to the last, in which the line of division down 

 the thorax and abdomen, between the pale grey of the male on the right hand and the 

 brownish-grey of the female on the left is very sharply defined. Bred August, 

 1890, at Bristol (Prideaux, Entom., xxiv., p. 45). 



e. A perfect specimen, with distinct division into a right ? and left <? half. 

 Right forewing deep brown-grey, the central area paler towards the base, ? ; both 

 left wings white-grey, a . Antennas right ? , left <? . Thorax and abdomen <? , 

 dark coloured with conspicuous anal tuft. Right wings only little larger than left. 

 Bred by Kolar, Prague (Nickerl, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1872, p. 731). 



Variation. — There is a considerable amount of minor variation 

 exhibited by both sexes of this species. The ground colour of the 

 males varies from almost clear white to a dull cinereous-grey, that of 

 the females is usually much darker cinereous-grey, sometimes with a 

 distinct brownish tinge. The median band may, in the male, consist 

 merely of the two transverse boundary lines, with a slightly greyer 

 included area, or it may be of a well-defined, blackish-grey coloration, 

 whilst the outer area of the wing may be of an uniform tint, unbroken 

 even by the usual wavy submarginal line, or the latter may be suffi- 

 ciently developed to give the outer area a distinctly fasciated appear- 

 ance. In the female, which, owing to the darker ground colour, is 

 usually much more uniform in appearance, the band is generally less 

 defined, and, in some examples, the whole wing-area may be unicolorous, 

 the usually paler areas having taken on the darker tint of the median 

 and basal portions of the wing. In the British Museum coll. some 

 female examples have the outer area showing a greyish tint and with 

 a well marked subdorsal line, and hence more nearly approach the male 

 in appearance. One example from Livonia has the median band clearly 

 shown up by very pale outer and inner marginal transverse lines, and the 

 outer area of the wing is very distinctly marked with a grey transverse 

 fascia on either side of the submarginal line ; the fringes, too, are dis- 

 tinctly speckled (much as in some well-marked males). Another ? is 

 almost unicolorous, the fore- and hindwings and fringes being uniformly 



* These colours as applied to the sexes appear to us to be accidentally 

 transposed. 



