490 BBITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



district the females prefer to lay their eggs on closely-cut hedges by 

 roadsides, and notes that although the larva is somewhat conspicuously 

 coloured it is not very readily seen. Burrows remarks that the 

 larva climbs to the tops of the shoots in the hedges in the evening to 

 feed. It always prefers the young shoots, and hence is often noted 

 as resting on such. Daws observes that he can never find the larva3 

 until after sunset when they are fairly plentiful on the young upright 

 shoots of whitethorn hedges, especially those by running streams. 

 Eaynor observes that the larvas of T. crataegi may be found by day 

 especially in dull weather, but by far the best plan is to search for them 

 between 8 p.m. and 9 p.m., when they crawl up the young shoots at 

 the top of the hedges especially those cut the previous year. Moberly 

 says that very small larvas are to be met with the first week in May, 

 but are three-quarters grown by the first week in June. 



Larva. — The newly hatched larva (April 15th, 1895), has a black, 

 broad and flattened head, as wide as the prothoracic segment, with a 

 few scattered hairs upon it. The body is of a dark brownish-black 

 colour, the thoracic segments wider than the abdominal segments, and 

 the tubercular warts on them larger. The scutellum is represented by 

 two pale brown or yellowish plates bearing several small tubercular 

 points which emit hairs. In this stadium, i and ii are arranged 

 trapezoidally, ii farther from mediodorsal line than i. The anteriors 

 (i) are large many-haired warts, those on the 2nd and 3rd thoracic, 

 being larger than those on the abdominal segments, while the 

 posteriors (ii) are extremely minute, and bear a single very small hair; 

 the posteriors are present on metathorax (and ? mesothorax) as well as 

 on the abdominal segments ; iii is supraspiracular, and many-haired, 

 and iv + v make a very large subspiracular, which is oval in shape. 

 (There is also on one of the abdominal segments a minute but distinct 

 prespiracular hair, and this may have been present on the other abdo- 

 minal segments although not detected.) The prothoracic subdorsal 

 warts are large, and have an ear-like appearance (as in Liparids). The 

 tubercular hairs are either thorny or serrated. In the second instar 

 (April 27th), the larva is more cylindrical in shape. The head 

 is not so large proportionally, is squarer in outline, and its colour 

 black, with short white hairs on it. The body is blue-black, the 

 scutellum black, except just in front, where it is raised, and forms two 

 bright, orange-coloured, hair-bearing prominences, looking very like 

 tubercles. The anterior dorsal warts (i) are still well-developed, and 

 are of a bright orange colour. The lateral warts (iii, iv and v) are 

 smaller, the supraspiracular being low and flat, and giving rise to 

 short black hairs ; the subspiracular (iv + v) is larger than iii and 

 gives rise to bright orange hairs: The warts are larger on the thoracic 

 than on the abdominal segments. The prothoracic, ear-like tubercles 

 are not so prominent as in the previous stadium. There is an oblong 

 orange patch round each of the anterior dorsal warts, forming two 

 broad, but interrupted, stripes down the back. In the third instar 

 (May 5th) the secondary hairs appear on the skin surface and warts ; 

 the patches forming the broad interrupted stripes down the back from 

 the 1st to the 7th abdominal segments are narrower than in previous 

 instar, and each has a short line branching off at right angles, each pair 

 of extensions nearly meeting in the centre of the dorsum. In the 

 fourth instar (May 12th), the lateral warts are very insignificant, a 



