TEICHIUBA CRATAEGI. 495 



of the forest, at Eltham and Oundle they are found in woods (Bower). 

 Eaynor notes that at Maldon it is abundant on hedges, both blackthorn 

 and whitethorn, and only once has been found in a wood. It occurs 

 chiefly on hawthorn hedges near Eennes in June (Oberthiir). Near 

 Kichmond, in Yorkshire, it haunts the moors and feeds on ling 

 (Harris), and the moorlands form its habitat in Perthshire, Aberdeen, 

 and other parts of Scotland, where it is widely distributed on the hills 

 and moors of the mountains. 



Time of appearance. — The larva3 appear normally from the 

 commencement of April until the end of June, usually full-fed from 

 June 10th-20th ; the imagines emerge usually from about August 20th 

 to the middle of September. The following dates may be interesting : 

 Larvae: may be beaten from sallow in April, May and June (Moberly) ; 

 May 25th-30fch, 1865, at Worcester (Edmunds) ; eggs hatched April 

 6th-7th, all larvae completed last moult by May 24th, the first 

 imago emerged August 18th, 1867 (Briggs) ; ova hatched April 14th, 

 larva; full-fed May~25th-May 27th, imagines August 18th-25th, 1875, 

 wild larva? May 22nd-June 23rd, 1875, at Lee (Fenn) ; June 18th, 

 1875, fullgrown, at Eannoch, June 10th, 1876, at Epping (A. H. Jones) ; 

 June lst-9th, 1881, at Barnwell Wold, June 8th-22nd, 1898, at Bannoch 

 (Porritt) ; June 6th, 1881, at Hatfield, June 9th, 1890, at Chattenden 

 (Mera) ; May 30th, 1882, at Eltham, May 3rd, 1893, small, at Oundle, 

 June 10th, 1896, full-fed, at Epping (Bower) ; May 29th, 1882, at Pole- 

 gate, May 16th, 1897, atBenfleet (Whittle); eggs hatched April2nd, 1886, 

 and April 22nd, 1889, larva? found June 21st, 1887, June 17th, 1889, 

 June 14th, 1890, May 25th, 1893, June 17th, 1897, at Bentley, Brentwood, 

 and Canvey Island (Burrows); June 2nd, 1889, at Arundel, eggs hatched 

 April 3rd, 1891, from Bentley (Williams) ; June lst-6th, 1890, at 

 Brockenhurst (Ogden) ; May 30th- June 12th, 1891, April 5th, 1896, 

 young, April 5th, 1897, at Egg Buckland (Briggs) ; June 15th-July 

 5th, 1891-1893, in Wicken Fen (Freeman); May 3rd, 1893, at Benfleet, 

 May, 1897, at Barnwell Wold (Battley) ; early June, 1894, at Church 

 Stretton (Newnham) ; June 2nd, 1895, May 16th, 1896, in first instar, 

 June 10th, 1896, full-fed, at Lincoln, May 22nd, 1896, at Peterborough 

 (Pearson) ; May 15th-26th, June 10th-22nd, 1895, at Skipwith (Ash); 

 May 21st, 1896 (imago emerged September 1st, 1896), at Abbott's 

 Wood, June 14th-18th, 1897, at Polegate (Montgomery) ; June 21st, 

 1896, at Aberdeen (Home) ; early May, 1896, common, at Epping 

 (Prout) ; June 6th, 1897, nr. Lincoln (Glenny) ; May 29th, 1897, at 

 Oundle (Sheldon) ; June 11th, 1897, at Emsworth (Christy) ; June 

 15th, 1898, at Wicken (Studd) ; eggs hatched April 16th, 1898 

 (imagines emerged September 7th-14th, 1898) at Chester (Arkle). The 

 notice by Guthrie of full-fed larva? at Shielswood, in the Hawick district, 

 on heather, spinning up the third week in May, probably refers to var. 

 ariae. In the Upper Engadine the larva of this variety is full-fed in 

 July(Frey). In the Netherlands, Sepp notes the eggs as being laid 

 in September, and hatching on April 19th. At Bilbao, the larva? are 

 fall- fed in April and May, and the imagines appear in August (Bossier). 

 In the Zurich district larvae are full-fed in June, the imagines emerge 

 in September and October, yet some pupte go over two or three winters 

 (Riihl) . In the Baltic provinces the imagines emerge from August 15th 

 on into September (Nolcken). Imagines: almost always bred or captured 

 at light. August 9th, 1857, at Rotherham (Rogers); August 28th, 1861, 



