LACHNEIS LANESTEIS. 517 



produced had it emerged after only one winter's hybernation, instead 

 of from two to seven years. 



Time of appearance. — From February to April according to the 

 season, yet many continental authorities make the speeies also emerge 

 in the autumn." Larvae: June 7th, 1860, from Taunton, others June 

 22nd, 1862, larvae pupated July 5th-12th, emerged March, 1863 (Fenn) ; 

 April 23rd, 1865, at Abbey Wood, June 6th, 1873, at Conway, June 

 17th, 1876, in New Forest (A. H. Jones) ; June 22nd- July 8th, 1868, 

 at Badyworth (Briggs) ; larvae hatched through May and June, 1873, 

 at Buabon, full-fed July 29th, 1873 (Perkins); larvae October (very late), 

 1880, at Ely, emerged April 19th, 1881 (Durrant); June 16th, 1874, 

 at Henley Boad, June 18th, 1887, by side of river Kennet, June 9th, 

 1888, at Theale, June 22nd, 1889, at Henley, May 11th, 1890, at 

 Mortimer, June 14th, 1891, at Aldermaston (Holland) ; nests of larvae 

 at Eastbourne, July 3rd-16th, 1876, at Canvey Island, June 28th, 1896 

 (Bower) ; June 20th, 1885, at Abbott's Wood (Hawes) ; June lst-9th, 

 1886, at Barnwell Wold (Porritt) ; June 22nd, 1886, at Engleberg 

 (Baker); July 18th, 1887, at Brentwood, June 14th, 1890, at Woodham 

 Ferris, May 25th, 1893, at Benfleet, sleeved these larvae on apple, 

 there were very few deaths, and every pupa produced an imago the 

 following spring (Burrows) ; June 11th, 1889, at Walton, May 25th, 

 1890, May 29th, 1892, at Benfleet, June 3rd, 1895, at Maldon, 

 July 4th-llth, 1897, full-grown, at Southend, June 23rd, 1898, 

 at Southend (Whittle) ; June 13th, 1889, May 23rd, 1892, May 9th, 

 1893, at Emsworth (Christy) ; June 14th, 1890, at Woodham Ferris, 



*We doubt almost the whole of these records — so evidently did Speyer (Stett. 

 Ent. Zeit., 1., p. 141, li., p. 200), who only obtained imagines from February to April 

 — yet they are so numerous that we add some of them, and would note that the record 

 of Hoffmann supr'a, and the statements of Fischer, Fritsch, and Schiitze posted, 

 are apparently trustworthy, possibly more or less parallel with the specimen bred by 

 Massey, December 20th, 1897, indoors. Berce writes : The imago emerges in Sep- 

 tember and October for the first time, in March, April, and May of the following 

 year for the second time, at least round Paris, Bordeaux, Besancon, &c, yet 

 according to Constant, Guillemot, and Peyerimhoff it has only one emer- 

 gence, that of September, in the dept. Saone-et-Loire, Puy de Dome, and in 

 Alsace (Sehmetter., ii.,. p. 187). Borkhausen writes that the imagines usually 

 emerge in October, but some pupte hybernate and appear in the early spring (Syst. 

 Benchr., iii., p. 12-5). Caradja reports its occurrence in February, March, and Sep- 

 tember in the Haute-Garonne. Bruand says May and September in the Douds 

 dept. Donckier records that in Belgium this species is rare, occurring in October, 

 although retarded examples do not appear until March and April. Schiitze states 

 that almost every brood in Upper Lusatia produces some autumnal examples. 

 Nickerl gives from October until spring in Bohemia, whilst Fritsch records 

 emergences on September 19th at Briinn, September 25th at Linz, March lst-30th 

 at Salzburg, March 20th-April 5th, 1874 ( ? abundant on latter date) at Freistadt. 

 Fischer says that imagines appear in October at Wernigorode, from one brood an 

 imago emerged the same autumn, the rest by degrees in the succeeding years, the 

 last in the fifth year. Weiler observes that the species only occurs in Taufers 

 every second year. On the other hand many continental authorities notice only 

 the spring emergence, and these confirm our insular experience. Speyer insists 

 strongly (Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1., p. 141) that the species only occurs in spring, and in 

 Silesia it always emerges in February. Guenee gives February and March in the 

 dept. Eure-et-Loir ; Bossier says middle March in nature at Nassau, Speyer notes 

 March at Waldeck. Oberthur gives February as the time of emergence from the 

 Uriage larvae, de Graslin says March for Chateau-du-Loir. Lambillion notes 

 February 20th to March 10th, dependent on weather, in the Namur district, &c. 

 Nolcken, too, observes that it only emerges in April and May in the Baltic 

 provinces. 



