MALACOSOMA. 521 



berg), Saxon Upper Lusatia (Sehiitze), Dresden, local (Steinert), Prussia — 

 Konigsberg, Probernau, common, Dantzig, Insterburg, Saalfeld, &c. (Schmidt), 

 Upper Lusatia (Moeschler), Nassau, common (Bossier), Ratisbon (Schmid), Hartz 

 dist. (Speyer), Coburg (Maurer), Dessau (Richter), Alsace (Peyerimhoff), Werni- 

 gorode (Fischer), Hanover, sometimes common (Glitz), Frankfort-on-Oder 

 (Kretschmer), Baden, distributed (Reutti). Italy : plains and valleys in the north, 

 not common (Curo), Modena (Fiori), northern alps (Staudinger). Netherlands: 

 only in Gelderland, there rare (Snellen), Breda, rare (Heylaerts). Roumania: widely 

 distributed — Tultscha, Domhecken (Mann), Banat (Pavel). Russia : Baltic 

 provinces (Sintenis), Moscow dist. (Albrecht), Wolmar (Lutzau), Volga dist. — 

 Kasan, Baschiria, not rare some years (Eversmann), Sarepta, not rare (Speyer), 

 southern Lapland (Staudinger), southern Russia (Caradja). ' Scandinavia : not 

 rare to 62° N. lat. (Aurivillius), south-east and central Norway (Siebke), Dovrefjeld 

 (Schoyen), Gothland (Zetterstedt), Skania, Helsingland (Lampa). Switzerland : 

 everywhere from Basle and Schaffhausen to Geneva, the Valais and eastwards to 

 the Grisons (Frey), Valais, Visp Valley, S. Nicolas (Jordan), Engleberg (Baker), 

 Zurich dist. — on the Ziirichberg, the Uto, Hongg, Sonnenberg, on the Katzensee 

 (Riihl), Weissenburg (Huguenin), Grisons (Killias), Simplon dist. (Wackerzapp). 

 Turkey: north-east Turkey (Staudinger), Gallipoli (Mathew). [See also var. 

 arbusculae.'] 



Subfam. : Malacosominae. 

 Tribe : Malacosomidi. 

 This is a very interesting tribe, comprising several closely allied 

 species, so closely allied that they appear to form a single very natural 

 genus, although Kirby has separated castrensis and the various offshoots 

 of the dominant species, neustria, from the darker-maled species — 

 alpicola, franconica, and intermedia. For ourselves we are convinced that 

 they are much too closely allied for any real generic separation. The 

 group forms the Malacosomata of Hiibner, who, however, admitted 

 (Verz., p. 192) a very divergent species, loti (which was removed later 

 by Rambur, into the genus Diplura), into the group. 



Genus : Malacosoma, Hiibner. 

 Synonymy.— Genus : Malacosoma, Hb., "Verz.," p. 192 (? 1822) ; Walk., "List 

 Lep. Het.," vi., p. 1444 (1855); Kirby, "Cat.," p. 819 (1892); Auriv., "Nord. Fjar.," 

 p. 61 (1889) ; "Iris," vii., p. 137 (1894) ; Tutt, " Proc. South Lond. Ent. Soc," pp. 

 1-11 (1898) ; Dyar, " Can. Ent.," xxx., pp. 4, 6 (1898) ; " Ent. Rec," xi., pp. 141, 

 142(1899); Grote, " Illus. Zeits. fur Ent.," iii., p. 70 (1898). Bombyx, Linn., 

 " Sys. Nat.," 10th ed., i., p. 500 (1758) ; 12th ed., p. 818 (1767) ; " Fauna Suec," p. 

 292(1761); Hufn., " Berl. Mag.," ii., p. 402(1766); Fab., "Sys. Ent.," p. 568 

 (1775); " Spec. Ins.," p. 181 (1781); "Mant.." ii., p. 115 (1787) ; " Ent. Sys.," iii., 

 p. 432 (1793) ; Schiff., "Sys. Verz.," p. 57 (1776); Esp., " Schmett. Eur.," iii., p. 

 147 (1784) ; View., " Tab. Verz.," i., p. 37 (1789) ; Brahm, "Ins.Kal.," ii., p. 337 

 (1791) ; Bork., " Sys. Besch.," iii., p. 107 (1790) ; "Rhein. Mag.," i., p. 369 (1793) ; 

 Hb., " Eur. Schmett.," iii., p. 145 (? 1800); Schrk., " Fauna Boica," ii., Abth. 1, p. 279 

 (1801) ; Haw., "Lep. Brit.," p. 128 (1803) ; Godt., " Hist. Nat.," iv., pp. 142, 376 

 (1822); Zett., "Ins. Lapp.," p. 926 (1840); Bdv., "Gen. et Ind„" p. 69 (1840); Boh., 

 "Vet. Ak. Handl.," 1848, p. 133 (1848); Snell., " De Vlind.," p. 189 (1867); Nolck., 

 " Lep. Fn. Estl.," p. 127 (1868); Staud., "Cat.," 2nd ed., p. 68 (1871); " Hor. Soc. 

 Ent. Ross.," xiv., p. 356 (1877) ; " Stett. Ent. Zeit.," xlviii., p. 98 (1887); " Rom. 

 Mem. Lep.," vi., p. 314 (1892); Newm., "Brit. Moths," p. 42 (1869); Mill., "Cat. 

 Lep. Alp.-Mar.," p. 57, note (1871); p. 192 (1875) ; " Iconog.," iii., pi. 134 (1877) ; 

 Christ., "Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross.," x., p. 36 (1873) ; Curo, "Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.," 

 viii., p. 149 (1876) ; Oberth., " Etudes d'Ent.," iii., p. 44 (1878) ; vi., p. 75 (1881) ; 

 xiii., p. 29 (1890) ; Frey, " Lep. der Schweiz," p. 95 (1880) ; Standf., " Stett. Ent. 

 Zeit.," xlv., p. 193 (1884); Lampa, "Ent. Tids.," vi., p. 41 (1885); Riihl, "Soc. 

 Ent.," v., p. 170 (1891) ; Carad., "Iris," viii., p. 90 (1895); Reutti, " Lep. Bad.," 

 2nd ed., p. 57 (1898). Phalaena, Scop., " Ent. Carn.," p. 199 (1763) ; Fuessly, 

 "Verz.," p. 34 (1775); " Neu. Mag.," ii., p. 335 (1785); hi., pp. 148, 157 (1786); Goze, 

 " Ent. Beit.," iii., (2), p. 317 (1781); Geoff., " Fourc. Ent. Paris," ii., p. 262 (1785). 

 Lasiocampa, Schrk., " Fauna Boica," ii., Abth. 2, p. 155 (1802) ; Latr., " Genera," 

 iv., p. 218 (1809); Germ., "Prod. Sist. Bomb.," p. 48 (1811); Meig., "Eur. 

 Schmett.," ii., p. 206(1830). Trichoda, Hb., " Tentamen," p. 1 (1806). Gastro- 



