522 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



pacha, Ochs., "Die Schmett.," iii., p. 294(1810); H.-Sch., " Sys. Bearb.," ii., p. 

 101 (1847); Hein., " Schmett. Deutsch.," p. 201 (1859). Glisiocampa, Curt., "Brit. 

 Ent.," expl. pi. 229 (1828) ; " Guide," p. 142 (1829) ; Stphs., " Illus. Haust.," ii., 

 p. 49 (1828); "Cat. Brit. Ins.," p. 48 (1829); "List Br. An. Br. Mus.," v., 1st 

 ed., p. 47 (1850) ; 2nd ed., p. 43 (1856) ; Wood, " Ind. Ent.," no. 51 (1839) ; Dup., 

 "Cat. Lep. Eur.," p. 75 (1844) ; Humph, and Westd., "Brit. Moths," 2nd ed., p. 

 54 (1851) ; Walk., "List Lep. Het.," vi., p. 1485 (1855) ; Sta., " Man.," L, p. 156 

 (1857); Humph., "Gen. Brit. Moths," p. 26 (1860) ; Bbr., "Cat. Lep. And.," p. 

 346 (1866) ; Wallgrn., " Skand. Het.," ii., p. 72 (1869); Bang-Haas, "Nat. Tids.," 

 (3), ix., p. 411 (1874); Guen., " Lep. Eure-et-Loir," p. 81 (1875); Kirby, "Eur. 

 Butts.," &c, p. 131 (1880); " Cat.," p. 839 (1892); "Handbook," &c, iv., p. 123 

 (1897)," Buckl., " Larvae," etc., iii., pi. 1 (1889); Auriv., "Nord. Fjaf.," p. 62 

 (1889) ; Strom, " Damn. Somm.," p. 83 (1891) ; Hamps., " Fauna of India," i., 

 p. 417 (1892); Meyr., " Handbook," p. 322 (1895); Tutt, " Brit. Moths," p. 59 

 (1896) ; Barr., " Lep. Brit.," iii., p. 13 (1896) ; Dyar, " Can. Ent.," xxx., p. 6 

 (1898). Cliseocampa, H.-Sch., " Samm. Auss. Schmett.," p. 9 (1856). 



Hiibner's diagnosis of the genus (Verzeichniss, p. 192) reads as 

 follows : 



6. Verein, Coitus 6. Malacosomaten, Malacosomata. — DieSchwingenmit zwei 

 fast geraden Linien gezeichnet ; die Senken zeichenlos ; beyderley fast bunt 

 gefranzt — Malacosoma loti, Ochs., castrensis, Linn., neustria, Linn., disstria 

 (neustria, Abb., Lep.), franconica, Schiff. 



Trichoda, Hb., Tent., p. 1 (1806), would of course be the proper 

 generic name for this group, were it not that the name was preoccupied. 

 This being so Malacosoma appears to be the oldest appellation available. 

 Aurivillius observes that, with the exception of loti, the species in- 

 cluded by Hiibner in Malacosoma, are very closely related, and cannot 

 be generically separated, and adds: "If it were possible I would gladly 

 use the hitherto little known name of Malacosoma for loti, and Curtis' 

 name, Clisiocampa, for neustria, but as Hiibner's diagnosis — ' the fore- 

 wings marked with two nearly straight lines, the hindwings without 

 markings, both pairs of wings with somewhat chequered fringes ' — - 

 really only applies to neustria and castrensis, it appears to me to be 

 impossible to declare loti to be its type. We are, therefore, unfortu- 

 nately obliged to sink Clisiocampa before Malacosoma. It matters 

 nothing that Walker and Kirby have applied the name only to 

 franconica, intermedia and alpicola, since these species cannot be 

 separated generically from neustria." Walker practically fixed 

 franconica as the type of the genus in 1855, by isolating it in this 

 genus, and Kirby, in 1892, followed this view by pointing out franconica 

 as the type. This action appears to render nugatory that of Aurivillius, 

 who, in 1894, indicated neustria as the type. Aurivillius (Iris, viii., 

 p. 137) gives the following as the chief characters of the genus : 



Imago : Eyes naked or hairy ; palpi medium or rather small, distinct, project- 

 ing obliquely, or almost hanging, shaggily haired ; forehead without protuberance ; 

 wing-margins entire, with short, entire fringes ; forewings with costa straight 

 nearly to the apex, hind margin short, weakly arched, the outer margin more or 

 less strongly arched, the hinder angle broadly rounded off; hindwings with costa 

 " ventricose " at base, then straight or weakly arched, the outer margin moderately 

 arched ; legs, femora, and tibiae with long hairs ; tarsi with appressed scales or on 

 the outer side of the first joint hairy (neustria) ; front tibiae unarmed ; middle and 

 hind tibiae with tiny terminal spurs ; t? antennae with long pectinations ; ? 

 antennae with moderate (neustria) or short pectinations. Larva: The larvae are 

 cylindrical, with thin and soft hairs, without distinct warts and without " felt- 

 hairs." Pupa : The pupae are clothed with short soft hairs ; they are rather 

 slender, and posteriorly produced into a thick, blunt conical cremaster ; rest in a 

 soft, thin cocoon mixed with yellow dust. 



Malacosoma is a very natural genus, and M. neintria, if one may 



