528 BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA. 



Eutrichid pupae. The chief characters of the pupa (taken from M. 

 alpicola) are as follows : <? . The surface of the skin appears to be 

 covered with fine raised points. The mouth-parts consist of a labrum, 

 mandibles (on the outer edge of the labrum) , a wide labium and labial 

 palpi, which are median to the maxillae. The central pair of the 

 structures below the mouth-parts, appears to be the femora of the first 

 pair of legs, whilst outside these are the first pair, arranged in the 

 usual form, a narrow strip between these and the terminal half of 

 antenna is all that appears of the second leg, except the tarsal tips 

 that project just beyond the antennae. The third pair of legs does not 

 appear to be visible ; the antennae are very large, and form an abrupt 

 bend round the tip of the first legs. The face-parts are produced on 

 either side much below the mandibles, and hang down like lappets, 

 whilst the glazed eye is barely visible against the antennae ; a few hairs 

 are situated on the vertex of the head and another little brush above 

 the labrum. The wings reach almost to the end of the 4th abdominal 

 segment, there is a distinct Poulton's line, and the hindwing is almost 

 entirely covered by the upper. The prothoracic spiracle forms a rather 

 long slit in the usual position, those on the 1st and 2nd abdominals are 

 covered by the wings, the rest are oval wrinkled depressions without 

 obvious lumina, that on the 8th is of course aborted. The narrowing 

 of the abdominal segments from the 6th abdominal to anus, and the 

 narrowness of the 6th and 7th segments ventrally, throw the three 

 terminal segments forwards and give them a peculiar appearance for 

 Lachneid pupae. The pupa is covered densely with fine short brown 

 hairs, more abundant dorsally than ventrally, but quite wanting on the 

 appendage-covers and the ventral aspect of the last three segments. 

 The anus is marked by two large rounded projections with a deep 

 sulcus between them, which is placed quite ventrally, whilst beyond it 

 is a large rounded cremastral boss covered with stouter hairs than 

 those on the dorsum of the rest of the pupa. The dorsal head-piece is 

 well-developed, roughly triangular (as also is the prothorax), the dorsal 

 head-piece and prothorax forming the front of the pupa, the head being 

 ventral. ? . The female pupa agrees generally with that of the male, 

 but the angle that the three terminal segments form with the rest of the 

 pupa is much less obvious, whilst the genital organs are represented 

 by a median sulcus on the 8th abdominal ventrally, and two small 

 tubercles at its posterior margin, the anterior margin of the 9th seg- 

 ment having a similar sulcus and two tuburcles. The cremastral boss is 

 much less fully rounded than in the male ; the glazed eye is better 

 seen. The second pair of legs is more fully exhibited, whilst the 

 antennae hardly reach down as far as the first pair of legs ; the wings 

 reach to about the middle of the 4th abdominal segment, exposing the 

 leg-scars of that segment, whilst the spiracles form a distinct sulcus 

 with a raised margin, the whole placed in a slight hollow. The 

 imagines present many points of interest — the great difference in the 

 sexes, the almost polymorphic variation of certain of the species, the 

 abundance of certain of them at light, and the peculiar habits which, in 

 spite of the great abundance of some of the species, lead us to confess 

 that we have rarely seen them wild (except at light). Light has a fatal 

 attraction for many of the species — M. neustria occurs sometimes in 

 hundreds at the lamps on Wicken Fen. Slingerland records (Can. 

 Ent. } xxv.-, pp. 81-2) the capture of 513 males and 88 females of M. 



