MALACOSOMA CASTRENSIS. 545 



end salt-marshes, on May 20th, 1892, near Southend, three nests of 

 small larvae were found, and on June 17th, 1894, the larvae were com- 

 mon, some quite small others two-thirds grown (Bower) ; July 8th 

 and 12th, 1879, at Queenborough, nearly or quite full-fed, in 1896 the 

 larvae were in extraordinary abundance on Chetney marshes, on May 

 21st, there were broods at intervals of every two or three yards, from 

 newly-hatched larvae up to those in the penultimate moult, whilst 

 stragglers continued to occur until July 16th, when some were ob- 

 tained at Elmley, in 1897 a few belated larvae were found close to 

 Sheerness in the middle of July (J. J. Walker) ; many nests of 

 young larvae at St. Osyth, May 19th-21st, 1888 (Harwood) ; larvae 

 June 9th, 1888, exceedingly abundant and varied much in size, 

 at Shoeburyness (Adkin) ; larvae June 13th-July 24th, 1889, pro- 

 duced imagines July 28th- August 15th, 1889, larvae June 29th- 

 30th, 1890, imagines July 28th-August 5th, 1890, larvae June 

 14th- July 12th, 1891, imagines July 25th- July 30th, 1891, larvae 

 June 17th- July 3rd, 1892, imagines July 26th-August 1st, 1892, larvae 

 June 2nd-12th, 1893, imagines July 9th-16th, 1893, larvae June 9th- 

 27th, 1895, imagines July 21st-31st, 1895, larvae June 13th, 1896, 

 imagines July 12th-21st, 1896, larvae June 12th-19th, 1897, imagines 

 July 15th-26th, 1897, larvae July 23rd-27th, 1898, imagines August 

 24th, 1898, all from Great Wakering salt-marshes (Whittle); larvae July 

 11th, 1891, on the sea-wall at Bawdsey, also on June 16th-20th, 1890, 

 July 24th-27tb, 1891, July 9th, 1892, and June 18th-30th, 1896, on 

 the Essex marshes (Mera) ; June 19th, 1892, the larvae in thousands on 

 the salt-marshes at Shoeburyness, some extremely small, others larger, 

 in companies, in such abundance that it was difficult to avoid treading 

 on them (Wright) ; bred July llth-20th, 1893, larvae from Essex coast 

 (Bankes) ; larvae at Clacton-on-Sea, produced imagines August 2nd, 

 1898 (Pickett) ; larvae June 23rd, 1898, from Shoeburyness, produced 

 imagines August lst-17th (P. Reid), larvae from Isle of Sheppey 

 produced imagines July 25th-30th, 1899 (Thornhill). 



Localities. — Essex : saltmarshes between the mouths of the rivers Colne 

 and Stour — St. Osyth (Harwood), Leigh (Vaughan), Clacton (Pickett), Canvey, 

 Wakering Marsh, Shoeburyness to Haven Gore (Whittle), Southend (Battley), 

 Mersea, nr. Colchester (Laver), nr. Harwich (Kerry), nr. Crowstone (Burrows), 

 Fobbing Marsh (Auld), Leigh (Fenn). Kent: Heme Bay (Dal try), nr. Bochester 

 (Edwards), Higham and Gravesend marshes (A. H. Jones), St. Mary's Creek, Chat- 

 ham, Cliff e, Queenborough (Chaney), banks of Medway (Wright), banks of Thames 

 below Erith (Stainton), Chetney Marshes, Elmley, Sheerness (Walker), Isle 

 of Sheppey (Ingall), nr. Port Victoria (Bacot). Suffolk : Aldeburgh 

 (Crutwell), Bawdsey (Mera), the Haven at Thorpe, Aldborough (Hele), 

 Bawdsey Ferry, nr, Felixstowe (James). [The following records require con- 

 firmation: — Devon: mouth of the Exe (Leach teste Stephens). Herts: East 

 Barnet (Gillum teste Gibbs, Ent. JRec, v., p. 158). Ireland (Ball, never since con- 

 firmed, vide Birchall, Ent. 3lo. Mag., x., p. 153). Worcester (Smith, Substitute, 

 p. 184). YoiiKs : York, in salt-marshes (Meyrick). Of these the Devon locality is a 

 very probable one. Meyrick's record is very remarkable.] 



Distribution. — Asia : Altai Mountains, Kentei Mountains, North Persia 

 (Staudinger), Kouldja (Alpheraky), Achalzak (Christoph). Asia Minor : Amasia, 

 Tokat, Brussa (Speyer), Caraman (Staudinger). Persia (Bomanoff). Turkestan 

 (Ersehoff). Austro-Hungary : Brunn (Schneider), Galicia (Garbowski), Linz, 

 Vienna (Fritsch), Buda (Speyer), Epiries, not rare (Husz), Hungary — Kocsocz 

 (Yangel), Tyrol, very rare (Hinterwaldner), Upper Carinthia, in Salzburg (Nickerl), 

 Fiume (Mann), Bucovina (Caradja). Belgium: everywhere on heaths (Heylaerts), 

 rare in the country — Cahnpthout (Lambillion). Corsica: rare (Curo). Denmark: 

 generally distributed in coast districts (Bang- Haas). France : not rare, but only 



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