MALACOSOMA NEUSTRIA. 547 



and Westd., " Brit. Moths," 2nd ed., i., p. 55, pi. x., figs. 11-12 (1851); Sta., " Man.," 

 i., p. 156 (1857) ; Hem., " Schmett. Deutsch.," p. 208 (1859) ; Humph., " Gen. 

 Brit. Moths," p. 25 (1860) ; Rbr., " Cat. Lep. And.," p. 349 (1866) ; Snell., " De 

 Vlind.," p. 190 (1867); Nolck., " Lep. Fn. Est.," p. 127 (1868); Wallgrn., " Skand. 

 Het.," ii., p. 75 (1869) ; Newm., " Brit. Moths," p. 42 (1869) ; Staud., " Cat.," 

 p. 68(1871); "Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross.," xiv., p. 356(1877); "Rom. Mem. Lep.," 

 vi., p. 314 (1892) ; Bang-Haas, " Nat. Tids.," (3), ix., p. 411 (1874) ; Guen., 

 "Lep. Eure-et-Loir," p. 21 (1875); Mill., "Cat. Lep. Alp.-Mar.," p. 142 (1875); 

 Curd, "Bull. Soc. Ent. It.," viii., p. 149 (1876); Kirby, " Eur. Butts, and Moths," 

 p. 131 (1880); "Cat.," p. 839 (1892); "Handbook, &c," iv., p. 124 (1897); 

 Frey, " Lep. der Sehweiz," p. 95 (1880) ; Oberth., " Etudes, &c," v., p. 38 

 (1880) ; Lampa, " Ent. Tids.," vi., p. 41 (1885) ; Buckl., " Larvte, &c," iii., p. 78, 

 pi. l., figs. 2-2a (1889) ; Auriv., " Nord. Fjar.," p. 62 (1889) ; " Iris," vii., p. 139 

 (1894); Riihl, "Soc. Ent.," v., p. 170 (1891); Strom, "Damn. Somm.," p. 83 

 (1891) ; Carad., "Iris," viii., p. 91 (1895) ; Meyr., "Handbook, &c," p. 323 (1895); 

 Tutt, " Brit. Moths," p. 58 (1896) ; " Proc. Sth. Lond. Ent. Soc," pp. 1-11 (1898) ; 

 Barr., "Lep. Brit.," iii., p. 13 (1896) ; Schroder, " 111. Woch. Ent.," ii., pp. 673-8 

 (1897); Dyar, " Can. Ent.," xxx., pp. 4, 6 (1898); Grote, " Illus. Zeits. fur Ent.," 

 iii., p. 70 (1898); Reutti, "Lep. Bad.," 2nd ed., p. 57 (1898). Pyri, Scop., " Ent. Cam.," 

 p. 199 (1763). Annularis, Geoff., " Fourc. Ent. Paris.," ii., p. 262, no. 16 (with ref. 

 to Hist, des Ins., ii., p. 114, no. 16) (1785). Quercils, Esp., " Schmett. Eur.," pi. 

 lxxxv (contd. pi. vi), fig. 3, Forts, p. 55 (1790). Vulgaris, Bkh., " Rhein. Mag.,'' 

 i., p. 368, no. 226 b (1793). Neustrius, Haw., "Lep. Brit.," p. 129 (1803). Bilineatus, 

 Haw., "Lep. Brit.," p. 130 (1803). 



Original description. — Phalaena (Bombyx) elinguis. alis reversis 

 flavescentibus : fascia grisea sesquialtera ; subtus unica [Goed., "Ins.," 

 i., t. 10; List., "Goed.," t. 89 ; Blank., " Ins.," 48, t. 8, figs, i-m ; 

 Eai, " Ins.," 213 ; Mer., " Eur.," i., t. 33 ? ; Alb., " Ins.," 19, f. 27 ; 

 Friscb, "Ins.," i., t. 2 ; Eeaum., "Ins.," 2, t. 4, figs. 1-11 ; Eoes., 

 "Ins.," i., phal. 2, t. 6; Wilk., " Pap.," 21, t. 3, a. 10. Habitat in 

 arboribus et herbis, polyphaga. Larva subpilosa, lineis albis rubris 

 caeruleis. Verruca supra anum ; hinc diversa a sequenti, cui maxime 

 affinis statura et natura (Linne, Syst. Nat., xtb ed., p. 500). In 

 the xiith ed., Linne leaves out the words " et herbis " in his account 

 of the habitat, and adds : " Alarum strigae duae absque puncto " (Syst. 

 Nat., xiith ed., p. 818). 



Imago. — Anterior wings from ochreous-yellow to deep red-brown, 

 with two transverse strigae from costa to inner margin, one before and 

 one beyond the middle of the wing, the median area sometimes darker ; 

 cilia chequered with dark patches. The posterior wings of the same 

 colour as the forewings, sometimes with faint median shade ; cilia 

 almost uniform. 



Sexual dimorphism. — Several males measured varied between 

 31-25mm. and 37 , 5mm., and several females between 33mm. and 

 50mm., although these are not by any means extreme examples in 

 either direction. The male is, on the whole, much smaller than the 

 female, shorter and squarer-wmged (due to the wings being shorter than, 

 and yet almost as wide as, those of female), the male with comparatively 

 slender, the female with large heavy, abdomen, the antennae of the 

 male strongly pectinated. The forewings of the male have a dark 

 apical and two other lower dark patches in cilia, leaving three pale 

 patches in the fringe, in the female these are less strongly marked. 

 The hindwings with more markedly uniformly coloured cilia in the 

 female ; the hind margin also often distinctly sinuate in the latter 

 sex. 



Gynandromorphism. — Only two records of gynandromorphism in 

 this species have come under our notice. These are : 



ii 2 



