part 2] PREGLACIAL FLORAS FROM CASTLE EDEN. 12") 



The characters of this species resemble those of many species of 

 Spiraea, but except 8. ulmifolia I have found none in which the 

 style is erect and on the ventral margin ; not recurved, and either 

 apical, or on the dorsal margin. Though resembling S. ulmifolia 

 in these respects, it is much smaller, the ventral margin is straighter, 

 and the carpel is oblong, not obovate. 



The genus Spiraea is a very large one. with a great number of 

 species inhabiting China. Japan, and North America. 



Crat^gtjs. 



Three species of Crataegus occur at Castle Eden. Two appear 

 to belong to the American section Mierocarpae, which at present 

 is represented by three living species. This section has sub-globose 

 fruits not more than a quarter of an inch long ; the nutlets are 

 2 to 5 in number, obtuse at the apex, and ridged at the back. 



The third species should apparently be placed in the section 

 Pulcherrimae, of which the fruits are sub-globose, rarely more than 

 a quarter of an inch long, and the nutlets are grooved at the back. 



All the species of the first section are in the Kew Herbarium. 

 The Castle-Eden species belong to none of them. The fruits of 

 the two species of the section Pulcherrimae are not in the Her- 

 barium, but Sargent's description shows that the third Castle-Eden 

 species is not one of these. I have, therefore, given to all three 

 new specific names. 



All three of the Castle-Eden species are distinguished by their 

 exceptionally long, apical, prominent styles. 



CRATJEdrS ACTJTICARPA Reid ( = COTONEASTER ACTITICAKPA Reid). 



(PI. VIII, fig. 23.) 



Fruit of five carpels ; carpels narrow, elongate, greatest breadth 

 about the middle, ventral margin straight, dorsal margin nearly 

 semicircular ; surface granulate ; junction of adherent and smooth 

 nude areas at a third of the length from the apex on the ventral 

 margin ; style terminal, projecting. 



Fruit =3 mm. in diameter. 



Endocarp : length = 3 mm. ; breadth = T5 mm. 



A fruit, showing five carpels united and a portion of the flesh 

 at the base, was preserved in almost solid pyrites. Unfortunately, 

 before it could be photographed, it burst and fell in two. There 

 is also a perfect half-carpel (PI. VIII. fig. 24) ; but I am some- 

 what doubtful whether this should be referred to the species, as the 

 nude area is larger. 



The way in which the carpels have remained united, the large 

 area attached to the receptacle, which extends between the 

 carpels, and the terminal projecting style, show that this fruit is a 

 Crataegus, not a Cotoneaster or Pyracantha. I have examined 

 all the species that I could in the Kew Herbarium, of all three 

 genera, and find that only in Crataegus are these characters to be 

 seen. All species of Cotoneaster and Pyracantha have the styles 



