part 2] PREGLACIAL FLORAS FROM CASTLE EDEiS". 141 



a differentiated area over which it was attached to the cupule, 

 and corresponding in size to the area of the cupule. 



The fragment of a nut (figs. 29 a & 29 b) showing such an area 

 occurs at Castle Eden. The size of the nut (which is broken) 

 would appear to correspond to that of the cupule. I cannot say, 

 however, whether they belong together, as I have identified neither. 



The nut is broken, part of the base only being preserved, but it 

 shows the characters now described. Probable diameter=4-4 mm. ; 

 probable diameter of differentiated area of attachment =2 "4 mm. 

 The base appears to have been cup-shaped ; nut dehiscing by a 

 circumsciss fissure, the graduated thickness of the Avails of which 

 indicate that it carried the fibro-vascular bundle ; fissure parallel 

 to the boundary of the differentiated area ; outer surface of the nut 

 black above, brown in the area of attachment ; the surface-cells of 

 this area are quadrate, and correspond in size and character with 

 those seen in the cupule. 



It seems probable that the cupule and nut belong together. 



Carpolithes sp. 12. (PL X, fig. 30.) 



Capsule very small, campanulate, with numerous (nine or 

 twelve?) minute, subulate teeth; not stipitate ; striate. 

 Length = lT mm. ; breadth= - 6 mm. 



Carpolithes sp. 13. (PL X, fig. 31.) 



Capsule campanulate, with five rounded-triangular teeth about a 

 third the length of the capsule. 



Length =P3 mm. ; breadth = 1 mm. 



Carpolithes sp. 14. (PL X, fig. 32.) 



The tapering base or apex of a small fruit cut transversely shows 

 four or five locules. The apex is strongly ribbed, showing six or 

 seven ribs which lower down become less marked. 



Carpolithes sp. 15. (PL X, figs. 33 a & 33 b.) 



A large thick-walled woody carpel, bluntly angled dorsally ,- 

 attachment ventral ; micropyle apical ; internally the carpel shows 

 a complicated arrangement of flanges, which are doubtless intended 

 to secure that the fruit shall spring widely open for semination. 

 The arrangement somewhat suggests that of genera of llutacese, 

 but I have been unable to find any to correspond with it. 



Length = 2"5 mm. ; breadth=l-3 mm. 



Carpolithes sp. 16. (PL X, fig. 34.) 



A minute, flat, oval seed with a large gaping aperture at the 

 apex (?) ; surface rough, with irregular longitudinal ridges and 

 transverse wavy lines. 



Length=-75 mm. ; breadth = - 5 mm. 



