248 mil s. ir. wakkex on [vol. lxxvi, 



(28) Right-handed oblique ' scraper.' 73 x 63 x 47 mm., 73°. 



(29) Left-handed oblique ' scraper.' This right- and left- 

 handed pair, 28 & 29, are astonishingly alike in form, and would 

 constitute a most potent argument for intelligence in design. 

 74x60x56 mm., 85°. 



(30) This, a good example of a trimmed-flake point, is the most 

 remarkable specimen of the group. If considered by itself, upon 

 its own apparent merits, and away from its associates and the 

 circumstances of its discovery, its Mousterian affinities could 

 scarcely be questioned. But, like all the other specimens illus- 

 trated, I dug it out of the Bullhead Bed myself in circumstances 

 which preclude the possibility of mistake. When examined critic- 

 ally in comparison with its associates, it is seen to belong to the 

 same group. Dimensions=77 x 66 x 39 mm. On the left the 

 average chipping angle is about 58°, which is very exceptional for 

 mechanical pressure, but on the right it is about 85°. (30 c) Lon- 

 gitudinal section, scale | x k- 



The last specimen emphasizes the moral that, in order to arrive 

 at a sound judgment upon the origin of a chipped Hint, it is 

 necessary to make a critical comparison of its immediate associates, 

 to take into consideration the circumstances of its discovery, and 

 also the evidence of the geological forces to which it has been 

 exposed. A geological deposit of chipped flints may supply many 

 individual specimens which are practically indistinguishable from 

 the work of Man. 



No figures can adequately represent the true characters of the 

 specimens, but, through the kindness of the authorities, a selection 

 of those illustrated here may be seen in the British Museum 

 (Natural History), South Kensington. 



In cor elusion, it only remains for me to thank the management 

 of the Grays Chalk-Quarry Company for the facilities which they 

 have afforded to me for carrying out this investigation in their pit. 



Postscript. 



[Since the reading of the paper, I have had an opportunity of 

 showing the whole of the Grays series to M. l'Abbe H. Breuil, and 

 he remarked on their general similarity to the chippings discovered 

 hj himself in a corresponding geological position at Belle-Assise. 

 The Grays evidence is, however, more comprehensive, particularly 

 with regard to the larger (rostro-carinate) forms, which he tells 

 me are absent from the French site, the Hints being of smaller size. 

 —S. H. W., July, 1920.] 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV. 



Natural flint-flakings, produced by sub-soil pressure, found in place in the 

 Bullhead Bed at Grays (Essex). Approximate scale : a half to a third of 

 the natural size. For detailed description and exact dimensions, see the 

 text. 



