138 W, BOYD DAWKINS ON THE RANGE OF 
9. On the Range of the Mammorn in Space and Time. By W. 
Borp Dawkins, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., Professor of Geology and 
Paleontology in Owens College. (Read November 6, 1878.) 
ConrTEenTs. 
. Introduction. 
. The Mammoth Preglacial in the South of England. 
The Mammoth Preglacial in Scotland. 
The Mammoth Preglacial in Cheshire. 
The Mammoth a member of the Fauna of the Forest-bed, 
The Mammoth Postglacial and Glacial in Britain. 
. Range in Europe, Asia, and America. 
» Relation to Indian Elephant. 
QO STD gn yb CO DO 
1. Introduction. 
Tue Mammoth is one of the most important animals for purposes 
of classification, on account of the large size and abundance of its 
remains, and because of its range in ancient times over more than 
one half of the land-surface of the world. According to some 
authorities, among whom may be reckoned M. Lartet*, it is taken 
to characterize an early stuge in the history of the Paleolithic 
caverns of France and Belgium, and according to others, among 
whom may be reckoned Dr. James Geikie 7, to have found its way 
into Europe after the Glacial period ; it is supposed to have disap- 
peared from Europe before the close of the Glacial period. In Dr. 
Falconer’s ¢ opinion it was a Pre- as well as a Postglacial inhabitant 
of Britain, a view which I was unable to accept on the evidence 
offered at that time$. The new materials, however, accumulated 
during the last ten years render it advisable to reexamine the 
evidence by the light of a wider experience. The results of a re- 
examination which are brought before the Society this evening show 
that Dr. Falconer’s conclusion as to the Mammoth being Preglacial 
in Britain is fully justified; and the additional details brought to- 
gether since his death merely serve to fill in to some extent the 
picture of the life and times of the mammoth, without affecting the 
outlines drawn by the hand of the master ||. They show that the 
animal lived in Cheshire and the South of England, and probably 
also in Scotland, before the deposition of the Boulder-clays by glaciers 
and icebergs, and that it roamed over the region now covered by 
the North Sea, in company with the Hlephas meridionalis, Cervus 
Sedqwickii (= C. dicranios, Nesti), and other animals of the forest- 
bed of Norfolk and Suffolk. 
2. The Mammoth Preglacial in the South of England. 
The first case to be examined is that of the elephant found in Sus- 
sex. The memorable paper of Mr. Godwin-Austen, on “The Newer 
* Comptes Rendus, xlvi. Séance 22 Février, 1858. 
+ ‘Tee Age.’ { Paleeont. Mem. ii. p. 240. 
§ Popular Science Review, 1868, p. 275; Geological Magazine, July 1868. 
|| Paleont, Mem. i. p. 239. 
