* THE MAMMOTH IN SPACE AND TIME. 139 
Tertiary Deposits of the Sussex Coast,” brought before the Society 
in 1857%*, called attention to the fact that a layer of glacial clay 
with erratics, some of very large size, was to be seen in the low 
and broken line of cliffs extending from Pagham Harbour on the | 
east, past the little village of Selsea, to Bracklesham on the west, 
and that this rested on a deposit of estuarine mud, below which 
were lenticular patches of red ferruginous gravel lying on the eroded 
surface of the Eocene strata. In “the mud-bed,” from time to time, 
many bones and teeth of elephant, found in juxtaposition, prove 
that whole carcasses had decayed in this spot. These were originally 
assigned to the mammoth; but on subsequent examination by Dr. 
Falconer they turned out to belong to his new species, the narrow- 
toothed, straight-tusked Hlephas antiquus. Although the mammoth 
has been quoted from this horizon in 1870+ by Mr. Godwin-Austen, 
and in 1878 by the editors of the new edition of Dixon’s ‘ Geology 
of Sussex,’ I am unable to obtain any further evidence on the point, 
and it is very probable that the species is not the mammoth, but the 
Elephas antiquus. 
Whatever doubts may be thrown on the occurrence of the mam- 
moth in Preglacial strata at Selsea, its presence in Hertfordshire 
before the period of the Boulder-clay was proved in 1858 by the 
discovery, by Prof. Prestwich, of a tooth and tusk in a bed of gravel 
underneath the Boulder-clay of Bricket Wood in the railway-cutting 
between Watford and St. Albans. ‘The animal, therefore, was living 
within the area of the London Basin before it was submerged beneath 
the sea, on which the icebergs were carried as far south as the line 
of the Thames, or, in other words, before the time when the drift 
of icebergs in Britain arrived at its maximum extension to the south. 
In this sense, then, it may be said to be Preglacial in the South of 
England. 
3. The Mammoth Preglacial in Scotland. 
Several cases of the discovery of its remains in the Boulder-clays 
and subjacent deposits render it very probable that it was also an 
inhabitant of Scotland in Preglacial times. Nine or ten tusks and 
a molar tooth have been discovered from time to time, in a peaty 
clay underneath the “till,” at Woodhill quarry §, Kilmaurs, Ayr- 
shire, along with the antlers of reindeer, and various insects and 
freshwater plants (pond-weed and ranunculus), under conditions 
shown in the following section (fig. 1). From their position below 
the Boulder-clay these remains are considered by Dr. Bryce, from 
whose paper the above section is borrowed, as well as by Mr. Young, 
to be preglacial. Dr. James Geikie, however, refers this stratum of 
‘ Boulder-clay to the later || of the two Scotch Boulder-clays, and 
* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. (1857), xiii. p. 50. 
t Ibid. (1871), xxvii. p. 26. { Geologist, 1858, p. 268. 
§ Dr. Bryce, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. xxi. p. 213; Mr. J. Young, ‘The 
Antiquity of Man,’ p. 292 (last edit.) ; Prof. Archibald Geikie, ‘‘Phen. of Glacial 
Drift of Scotland,” Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow, i. part ii. 
|| Dr. James Geikie, ‘Ico Age,’ 2nd edit. p. 160. 
