140 W. BOYD DAWKINS ON THE RANGE OF 
places the stratum with the mammoth in his “ Interglacial period.” 
A second example of the discovery of mammoth in association with 
the Boulder-clays is that of a tusk found, at a depth of fifteen to 
Fig. 1.—Section of Drift-beds at Kilmaurs. 
1. Sandstone of the Coal-formation, 
rising in a low cliff from the 
banks of Carmel Water. 
. Boulder-clay. 
2. Gravel. 
. Upper Drifts. 
> Ores Go 
op) 
s 
j=) 
Qu 
7. Subsoil and surface-soil. 
twenty feet from the surface, by the eminent engineer Mr. Bald*, 
at Clifton Hail, in the valley of the Forth, at the beginning of this 
century. A third instance is offered also by the remains at Chapel 
Hall, near Airdrie, in laminated sand under the * till.” These cases 
are taken by Mr. Jamieson to prove that the mammoth lived in 
Scotland before Glacial conditions had set in in Northern Britain ; 
and his conclusion seems to me to be probably true. 
4. The Mammoth Preglacial in Cheshire. 
If, however, the true relation of the strata with mammoths in the 
above cases to the lowest Glacial deposits of Scotland be considered 
doubtful, the Preglacial age of the mammoth in Cheshire is defi- 
nitely set at rest by the discovery made by Mr. Bloxsom in March 
1878, in sinking a shaft for the new Victoria Salt Co. near North- 
wich. The travelling cylinder used in the operation cut through 
the fossil-tooth of ‘some gigantic animal,” which was sent to me for 
identification. It proved, on comparison with remains in the British 
Museum, to be a fragment of the last lower true molar of the mam- 
moth, left side, composed of the last seven plates with the talon, 
and measuring 5°5 inches long by 2:5 and 1°8 broad. From an 
examination of the matrix it had evidently been imbedded in a fine 
sand highly charged with dark carbonaceous particles. 
The precise conditions of its discovery are shown in the following 
section (fig. 2), the details of which have been furnished by the 
kindness of Mr. Bloxsom. ‘The tooth was found at a depth of sixty- 
five feet from the surface of the ground, in the sand No. 1, at the 
point marked A in the figure. 
The overlying Boulder-clay, as may be seen from the horizontal 
geological section, sheet 64, made by Prof. Hull, extends without a 
break from Northwich to Aston ; it reappears near Millington Hall, 
and extends, except where it is cut through by the river Bollin, 
under the middle-drift sand and gravel of Bowdon, and thence in a 
* Mr. Bald, Wernerian Soc. Mem. Edinb. iy. p. 58, 
