THE MAMMOTH IN SPACE AND TIME. 14] 
north-easterly direction over Manchester, until it plunges under the 
same series of sands at Cheetham Hill. These middle sands in their 
turn are capped by the upper Boulder-clay of Newton, Fairfield, and 
Droylesden to the east of Manchester. The Boulder-clay of North- 
Fig. 2.—Section of New Victoria Salt-Company’s Shaft, Northwich. 
(Scale =, inch to 1 foot.) 
| Soil, 2 feet. 
3. Brown sand and clay, 9 feet. 
2. Brown Boulder-clay of Lower Series, 37 feet. 
1. Quicksand, with layers of pebbles, 32 feet. 
A=Mammoth tooth. 
= Red Mar! of Keuper, 16 feet. 
= (72 feet to Rock-salt.) 
wich, therefore, is the lower of the two Boulder-clays of the Lanca- 
shire and Cheshire plain, and the sand beneath it with the mammoth 
belongs to a yet earlier age, or, in other words, is older than the 
first phase of the Glacial period, of which traces have been met with 
on the western side of the Pennine chain. 
The series of sands and gravels underneath the lower Boulder-clay 
has been proved by Mr. Binney* to be very persistent in Lancashire 
underneath the lower Boulder-clay, resting very generally on the 
eroded surface of the Carboniferous, Permian, and Triassic rocks. A 
section recently exposed close to Birch Church, Rusholme, proves 
that it is more than fifteen feet thick on the south side of Manchester. 
The sharp sand and rounded pebbles of which it is composed render 
its marine origin very probable, the only fossil hitherto discovered in 
it being the tooth above described. 
The remains of the mammoth have been found on the borders of 
* Proceedings Lit. and Phil. Soc. Manchester, 19 March and 12 Noy, 1872; 
Statistical Society of Manchester, 1841. 
