3870 G. J. HINDE ON ANNELID JAWS FROM 
30. On Annetip Jaws from the CampBro-SILuRIAN, SILURIAN, and 
Devonian Formartrons in Canava and from the Lownr CaRBont- 
FEROUS in Scortand. By Guorer Junnines Hinpe, Esq., F.G.S. 
(Read March 12, 1879.) 
[Puates XVIII.-XX.] 
Introduction. 
Up to a comparatively recent period our knowledge of fossil Errant 
Annelids has been limited to those evidences of their existence afforded 
by the casts of vertical borings, or of more or less horizontal winding 
markings with which the surfaces even of some of the earliest stra- 
tified rocks are abundantly covered. The resemblance of many of 
these borings and tracks to those made in the sandy mud of the sea- 
shore by existing Annelids is so great, that their origin could not be 
disputed; but some of these markings have given rise to various 
opinions as to their origin, some believing them to be the impressions 
of fucoids, whilst by certain German paleontologists they have been 
seriously regarded as the casts of Graptolites. Whilst the impres- 
sions are of common occurrence, more particularly in the Palseozoic 
rocks, discoveries of any clearly marked portions of the Errant 
Annelids themselves have been comparatively few; but when it is 
considered that almost the only portions of the organism of the ex- 
isting representatives of these animals capable of fossilization are 
the chitinous jaws and sete, and that these are generally very 
minute, it is not at all surprising that similar small objects, even 
where they have been preserved, should have eluded observation. 
It has been my good fortune to meet with a great variety of these 
jaws in rocks of Palaeozoic age in Canada, and also to find a few 
traces of them in Scotland, of which I purpose giving a description 
in the present communication. 
Bibliography. 
Leaving on one side the descriptions which have appeared relating 
to the tracks of Annelids, the first notice which I have seen of the dis- 
covery of the jaws of these animals is given by Dr. Heinrich Pander 
in his ‘Monographie der fossilen Fische des silurischen Systems 
der Russisch-Baltischen Gouyernements,’ 1856*. Though Pander 
did not recognize his specimens as Annelid jaws, and merely noticed 
the difference between them and Conodonts, there can be no doubt, 
from his description and figures of Aulacodus obliquus, that these 
small objects, of about a line in length, are, in reality, jaws closely 
similar to those which I have placed under the genus Hunicites. 
Pander’s specimens came from Upper Silurian strata in the Isle of 
(isel. 
The next account we possess of fossil errant Annelids is by Dr. 
* Page 72, pl. iy. fig. 16, a, b, ¢, d. 
