PALHOZOIC ROCKS IN CANADA AND SCOTLAND. 371 
Ehlers, who, in an article “Ueber fossile Wurmer aus dem litho- 
graphischen Schiefer in Bayern”*, describes the genera Hunicites, 
Lumbriconereites, and Meringosoma. In these celebrated lithographic 
shales the entire form of the Annelid has been preserved, so that 
even the arrangement of the groups of sete can be distinguished ; 
but though the lower jaws of the specimens, on account of their 
possessing a more calcareous structure, still remain, the chitinous 
upper jaws haye disappeared, leaving only their impressions on the 
matrix. 
Lastly, Mr. G. B. Grinnell, of Yale College, Connecticut, described, 
in 18777, two specimens of Annelid jaws from the Cincinnati group 
of the Cambro-Silurian, which he constituted the types of a new 
genus, Nereidavus. It is in the same group of rocks, but about 
600 miles distant from Cincinnati, that the majority of my own 
specimens have been met with. 
So far as I am aware, the above are the only records we have of 
the discovery of the actual remains of Errant Annelids, notwith- 
standing the great probability of the continued existence of these 
animals from Cambrian times. 
Strata in which the Annelid Jaws are met with. 
The lowest strata in the geological scale in which I have found 
these fossil jaws are a series of micaceous flags and shales, with thin 
intervening beds of limestone, belonging to the Cincinnati, or, as it 
was formerly called, the Hudson-River group, probably the equiva- 
lent of the Bala in this country. The jaws occur less frequently in 
the fossiliferous limestone bands than in the flags and shales, whose 
surfaces are often covered with very various forms of tracks. In 
these flags, too, a species of Graptolite, Diplograpsus hudsonicus, 
Nicholson f, is abundant; and it may be interesting to notice that 
there is a great apparent resemblance in the character of the material 
of which these Graptolites and worm-jaws are composed. There are 
also a few simple and compound Conodonts in the same beds; but 
these are rare in comparison with the Annelid remains. Though in 
some strata the worm-jaws are much more abundant than in others, 
they appear to be very generally distributed throughout this series 
of rocks, and I have met with them in nearly every exposure in the 
vicinity of Toronto. 
The next higher beds belonging to the Clinton and Niagara for- 
mations (Wenlock) in which these jaws are present are separated 
from the strata at Toronto by a thickness of about 800 feet of shales 
and sandstones. Those belonging to the Clinton group which con- 
tain these fossils are hard grey sandstones and soft shales, with 
surfaces showing the usual worm-tracks, and for the most part 
devoid of other fossils. In the Niagara group I have found the jaws 
in a single thin bed of dark bituminous soft shale, in which are also 
* Palxontographica, Dunker und Zittel, Band xvii. 1867-70, p, 145, 
t American Journal of Science, Sept. 1877, p. 229. 
{ Palzontology of Ontario, 1875, p. 38. 
