432 D. MACKINTOSH ON THE ERRATIC BLOCKS OF 
the tops of small icebergs after the sea became deep enough to float 
them, or they may have escaped being rounded on the sea-shore 
before being launched by floating coast-ice. I chiefly observed the 
Criffel boulders on the plain of Cumberland opposite the mountain, 
where they are very numerous, though I was not able to trace them 
to a greater height than about 400 feet. Nearly all the different 
kinds of granite found in the mountain and about Dalbeattie are 
represented in the south-west part of the plain ; but the large-grained 
granite, or granite with large crystals of felspar, from the lower part 
of the mountain greatly predominates*. 
2. Dispersion to North Wales.—Kirkcudbrightshire granite has 
found its way in small quantities to North Wales, where it may be 
found along the coast at intervals from Flint to Colwyn Bay, and 
thence to Penmaenmawr and the neighbourhood of Beaumaris. In 
the eastern part of North Wales it has seldom penetrated far into 
the interior, the furthest south boulders of it I have seen being 
about one mile south of Denbigh, near the Ruthin road. In the 
western part of North Wales it has gone as far south as the top of 
Moel-y-Tryfaen, where I found pebbles of it at a height of nearly 
1400 feet above the sea. It was accompanied by Eskdale granite ; 
and in the same drift-gravel I found a pebble of unidentified red 
granite, precisely similar to one I found on the beach of West Cum- 
berland and to another I saw on the beach at Blackpool. 
3. Course of Dispersion along the west Border of the Cumberland 
Mountains, §¢.—It is impossible to say how much of the Criffel 
dispersion lies under the Irish Sea. On the coast south of Work- 
- ington it becomes very narrow; and further south the great road 
from Whitehaven, by way of Egremont to Ravenglass, roughly 
describes its eastern boundary. Near St. Bees it comes into rect- 
angular collision with the exodus of fine-grained syenite from 
Ennerdale. About Drigg it crosses to some extent the course of the 
commencing Eskdale-granite dispersion, and along the coast becomes 
slightly intermixed with it; but before reaching the mouth of the 
estuary of the Duddon, the Criffel boundary goes under the sea to 
remain concealed 7 until its reappearance in the neighbourhood of 
Blackpool, where it is well represented on the beach. From Black- 
pool south-east I have not explored the boundary, though it probably 
runs in the direction of Manchester, where, in the Peel-Park 
*‘bouldery,” I saw one Criffel along with nineteen Eskdale granite 
boulders. Kast of Manchester, Criffel boulders are very scarce. 
* Criffel granite always contains more or less black mica, a characteristic by 
which it may generally be distinguished from Eskdale granite; but most of the 
granite blocks of the iitial concentration on the plain of Cumberland contain 
comparatively little black mica. The largest blocks I saw were on the sea- 
coast at Flimby. Four of them measured about 83 x7 x3 feet. They presented 
a rudely linear structure, and one of them contained a dark ‘“‘ whinstone” patch 
about two feet in diameter. Such patches are very characteristic of Criffel 
granite, but not exclusively confined to it. Criffel blocks have gone over the 
plain of Cumberland as far east at least as Gilsland, and up the valley of the 
Eden (in the teeth of the Shapfell dispersion) further south than Penrith. 
+ Criffel granite might probably be found among the large granite boulders 
of Walney island, which I have not seen, 
