IN THE LOWER CARBONIFEROUS SERIES OF SCOTLAND. A771 
Affinities and Differences—From <Anthrapalemon Grossarti 
Salter *, the present species may be distinguished by the presence 
of supplementary ridges on the carapace, and by the continuation 
of the central ridge as far backward as the posterior margin of the 
carapace. It is also probable that the absence of serrations along 
the anterior lateral margins, and of a spine at the anterior angles, 
will be found to be distinctive. 
From A. dubius, Prestwich t, our Lower Carboniferous form is 
separated by the presence of an additional ridge on each half of 
the carapace, and the absence of the serrate margins to the latter. 
The number of ridges which traverse the carapace from back to 
front at once serve as a distinctive character between A. Russellcanus, 
Salter +, and A. Woodward:. There does not either appear to be 
any trace in the latter of the deep row of punctations representing 
the cervical furrow of the former species. 
The last species with which we have to compare our form is 
A.? gracilis, Meek and Worthen § ; but I think the truncated pos- 
terior margin and serrated lateral edges will be sufficient to separate 
the two species, to say nothing of the more complex tail of the 
American form, or of the entire absence of all supplementary cara- 
pace-ridges. It becomes a question if the American species can be 
retained in the genus Anthrapalemon, when we take into con- 
sideration the diversity which exists between its telson and that of 
the type species as described by Mr. Salter. 
The affinity of A. Woodward: with either of the foregoing species 
is not a very strong ope; but in the presence of the continuous 
central ridge of the carapace and of the supplementary lateral 
ridges it approaches A. dubius, Prestwich, and the next form to be 
described, A. Macconochit. 
Loc. and Horizon. Many specimens were found in a Cement- 
stone in the Liddel Water, half a mile below New Castleton, Rox- 
burghshire; a single example was met with (accompanied by Spz- 
rorbis) in shale in the Tweeden Burn, near the head of Tweeden 
Plantation, near New Castleton ; a third specimen was found in soft 
shale in a glen at Mains, eight miles N.N.E. of Coldstream; and, 
lastly, one tolerably perfect example and many fragments occurred 
in a soft clayey shale on the Blackadder Water, near Pathhead 
Mill, about two and a half miles S. of Dunse, Berwickshire. The 
horizon of the whole of these beds is that of the Cement-stone, or 
Upper Group of the Calciferous or Lower Carboniferous series 
(=Tuedian). 
Coll. Geol. Survey of Scotland. 
Collector. Mr. A. Macconochie. 
ANTHRAPALEZEMON Macconocuu, sp. nov. (Pl. XXIII. fig. 10.) 
Sp. char. Carapace more or less oval, terminating posteriorly 
* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. xvii. pp. 580, 531, f. 1-4. 
+ Apus, Trans. Geol. Soc. 2nd ser, y. t. 45. f. 9. Anthrapalemon, Salter, loc. 
cit. pp. 531, 532, f. 6-7 d. { Loe, cit. xix. p. 520, f. 1, 2. 
§ Llinois Geol. Rep. ii. p. 407, t. 32. f. 4.a-c, 
