522 A. L. ADAMS ON VERTEBRATA OF THE 
The Lower Limestone attains a height of about 400 feet above 
the sea-level. 
A nodule-seam frequently replaces the Scutella- or Orbitordes- 
stratum, and is made up of detached fragments of the parent rock 
and the Calcareous Sandstone firmly cemented together. At Ras- 
el-Kala, in Gozo, it is represented by a remarkable bed of oyster- 
shells, chiefly belonging to Ostrea Boblayei. 
The difficulties attending examinations of the cliff-sections, toge- 
ther with the indifferent state of preservation, render the enu- 
meration of the fauna of the lowermost bed more imperfect than that 
of the others. Besides the foregoing, Ostrea navicularis, a fossil of 
the Sand bed, is also common in the lowermost rock. Pecten cris- 
tatus, Bronn ?, is apparently also plentiful, together with P. squamu- 
losus of the Sand and Calcareous Sandstone; and what has been 
named P. varius is also apparently common to all the formations 
excepting the Caleareous Sandstone. Spondylus quinquecostatus, or 
else a very closely allied species, is common to the Upper and Lower 
Limestones besides the Calcareous Sandstone. But the charac- 
teristic and most plentiful fossils, especially in the uppermost portions 
of the Lower Limestone, are casts of Conus, some of large size, and 
other genera not sufficiently preserved to admit of specific deter- 
mination, among others J/aliotis, of which there are apparently 
more than one species; indeed the genus is represented in all the 
formations. 
The Brachiopoda are Terebratula minor and Thecidium Adamsi, 
common also to the Calcareous Sandstone. 
The Echinodermata identified by me amount to 20 species, of 
which 13 are also common to the Calcareous Sandstone, | (/7/. seil/a) 
to the Marl, 3 to the Sand bed, and 11 to the Upper Limestone—to 
wit, Cidaris melitensis, Psammechinus Ducei, Echinolampas Kleini7, 
Hemiaster Cotteaw, Schizaster Scille, S. Parkinson (the most 
common Kchinoid in the Maltese rocks), Towobrissus crescenticus, 
Brissus cylindricus, B. oblonqus, Eupatagus De-Konincku, Spa- 
tangus delphinus. 
Foraminifera in this bed, noticed in Geol. Mag. vol. 11. p. 152. 
I must here take notice of a remark of M. Fuchs in a note to his 
paper on the ‘‘ Age of the Tertiary Beds of Malta” *, wherein he 
observes “ that the statement advanced by Spratt, Adams, and other 
authors, that the same species of Pecten and Echinida recur in the 
Lower as well as in the Upper Limestone,” is not correct, and that 
the error may have arisen from confounding P. Haueri and deletus 
of the lower beds with P. spinulosus and costatus, which occur 
equally plentifully in the upper beds. Again, the writer observes 
“that, with the exception of the Thecidiwm Adamsi from the Lower 
Limestone, all the remaining Brachiopoda were exceedingly rare, 
although, according to the statements of the authors, they are said 
to occur not only in great quantities, but are even said sometimes to 
form whole banks.” M. Fuchs further states that “he was unable 
* Berichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Munich, Ixx, p. 92. 
