H. WOODWARD ON FOSSIL CRUSTACEA. 553 
sham. M. Humbert and Prof. Lewis have alone given any account 
of the locality. Prof. Lewis says :—“* Hakel can be reached in one 
hard day from Beirit. By following the sea-coast to Jebail (the 
ancient Byblus), a small seaport town between Beirtit and Tripoli, 
then striking N.E. (over the débris of old and ruined temples and 
towers, which once covered the locality) towards Amshit ; leaving 
it on the left and turning nearly east, we follow the windings of a 
ridge which looks abruptly down upon deep valleys on either side. 
After four hours hard travelling from Jebail, Hakel is reached.” 
Prof. Lewis estimates the height of Hakel at 800 to 1000 feet only*, 
and its distance from the sea in a straight line at about six miles ; 
but the road is very difficult and the travelling execrable. Passing 
through the village on the right of the stream (which in winter is 
a torrent), we must follow the valley to its head in order to reach 
the celebrated Fish-quarries. About a mile up, the sides of the 
valley approach each other, and the valley becomes choked with 
masses of rock which have fallen from the precipitous sides. The 
strata on the left as we ascend are regularly superposed, a fine 
section cut by the stream being exposed to view. On the right the 
strata present only a confused mass of débris. Ascending still 
higher over the fallen masses, we find the strata beneath our feet 
are steeply inclined. ‘The valley here expands into a large amphi- 
theatre, narrowed below and above, but widening in the middle. 
The strata far above our heads correspond with those on the op- 
posite side of the valley; but below they lie at so great an inclina- 
tion that it is difficult to walk upon them. This slope of the strata 
extends from high up in the hill-side far down into the valley, and 
has, M. Humbert thinks, occasioned landslips, and is itself the cause 
of the steep inclination of the lower strata, as where undisturbed 
they lie horizontally. 
He points out that the valley of Hakel is one of erosion, and that 
there is evidence on its northern side of the different levels at which 
the old stream has flowed. Harder and more resisting strata pro- 
ject from the cliff at various heights, and alternate with softer beds, 
which being more easily disintegrated have been deeply eroded. This 
process of destruction going on for centuries fully explains the vast 
mass of débris filling the lower portion of the valleyv. 
The surface of most of the slabs in this quarry exhibit upon their 
bedding-planes and laminze numbers of specimens of Clupea brevis- 
sima, Clupea Botte, fragments of Hurypholis Boissiert, and nume- 
rous other fishes, together with remains of Crustacea, many of which 
are new to science. 
The neat little Stomapod under notice (Pl. XXVI. fig. 4) mea- 
sures 40 millimetres in length, and is preserved on the surface of 
a slab of compact, fine-grained, cream-coloured limestone, on the 
* M. Botta says of Hakel:—‘This place is situated in a deep valley at a 
great height above the sea; for one has to ascend for six hours to reach it, and 
the clouds traverse it,” 
+ Abstract of paper on the Fossil-Fish Localities of the Lebanon, by the 
Rey. Prof. Lewis, M.A., F.G.8., Geol. Mag. 1878, p. 214. 
