Il. WOODWARD ON FOSSIL CRUSTACEA. 555 
deposition of all the intermediate formations, from the time of its 
first appearance to the present day, has met with such frequent 
confirmation, that it may now be considered an axiom of palaon- 
tology. 
The discovery of Limulus in the Cretaceous formation long sub- 
sequent to its early determination from the older Solenhofen Lime- 
stone, affords another illustration of the truth of this proposition. 
So long ago as 1838, Prof. J. van der Hoeven published his 
memoir (‘ Recherches sur )Histoire Naturelle et l’Anatomie des 
Limules,’ Leyden, 4to, 1838, pp. 1-48, 7 plates), in which, in addi- 
tion to a very excellent anatomical description of modern Limulus, 
which he separates into four species, he gives descriptions of six 
species which occur fossil in the Lithographic stone (Upper White 
Jura) of Solenhofen, Bavaria. 
From our present knowledge of modern Limulus, both on the 
eastern coast of North America and in the seas of China and Japan, 
where it occurs in great abundance, it seems highly improbable 
that six species would really be found in so limited a spot as Solen- 
hofen in Bayaria. Probably not more than two species occur living 
at the present day. 
One of these, Limulus polyphemus, alone occupies the eastern 
seaboard of North America, from New England to the shores of the 
Gulf of Mexico, and is numerically in the greatest abundance. 
The other, Limulus longispina or L. moluccanus, occupies a part of 
the eastern seaboard of China, and is found around the Japanese 
and Moluccan Islands, covering even a wider area than its American 
contemporary. 
The species now discovered by Prof. Lewis in the Cretaceous 
rocks of Hakel, fills a hiatus long felt, and serves to bring nearer 
the Oolitic Zimule and the existing forms of King-crab. 
Only one slab is preserved, the counterpart having been lost ; it 
presents about three fourths of the specimen preserved as a flattened 
impression on the slab, and was obtained, like the Squilla Lewisia, 
from Hakel, in the Lebanon. 
If perfect, the cephalic shield would have measured about 13 
centimetres in breadth by 7 centims. deep, the thoracico-abdominal 
shield being 7 centims. at its widest (anterior) part, diminishing 
to 4 centims. at its hinder border, the length being 53 centims. ; 
the telson or tailspine measurcs 11 centims. in length. 5 mo- 
vable and six fixed spines alternate along the border of the tho- 
racico-abdominal somites, which are coalesced, as in modern Limulus, 
to form the postcephalic buckler. No limbs are preserved. 
In point of size this specimen closely agrees with LZ. Walchit, 
Desmar., from Solenhofen. 
I propose for this Cretaceous form the trivial name of LZ. syrzacus, 
