DEPOSIT AT BARRINGTON, NEAR CAMBRIDGE. 677 
fulfilled in two ways—(1) the coast may have been more distant at 
the time when the stream ran at its higher level; (2) the sea may 
have stood at a higher level upon the present, or nearly the present, 
coast. Of the two it is most probable that the condition which 
allowed of the deposition of the terrace-gravels was the former, under 
which a lesser gradient may have coexisted with even higher land ; 
. for it is generally believed that this island then formed part of the 
continent of Europe; and the Pleistocene mammalian remains con- 
stantly dredged off our east coast point in the same direction. 
But not only must the sea-coast have been further off, but the 
land must have been also higher, not merely less denuded down, 
but physically lifted up in relation to the sea-level ; or, what amounts 
to the same thing, the sea must have been lower. Otherwise we 
cannot account for deposits on the sea-level, and even below high- 
water mark, such as occur at Clacton and at Walton-on-the-Naze, 
and on the dredging-grounds in Essex—the former being, according 
to Prof. Dawkins, one of “ the first terms of the Postglacial series,” 
the latter having nothing to separate it from a somewhat early 
postglacial deposit. 
If this supposition is correct it will rather militate against the 
opinion of Prof. Seeley, which is referred to by Mr. Jukes-Browne, 
that the marine gravel of March is of the age of the Barnwell gravels. 
The coast at the time the latter were deposited ought to have been 
more distant than March is. 
As regards the climate at the period of the Barrington deposit, 
the occurrence of Hlephas antiquus and Hippopotamus point to a 
somewhat warm climate. The Elephants and Rhinoceros being the 
same as at Lexden, in Essex, and the gravel terrace of about the 
same altitude, it is likely the gravels are of the same age. At that 
place the remains of beetles, which are abundant, have been attri- 
buted by Mr. Wollaston to a warm climate*, probably Mediter- 
ranean. The Unio and Cyrena of Barnwell have a like significance ; 
and Helix nemoralis is impatient of great cold. 
We learn, then, that there was an interval since the Glacial period 
(for there is no question that both Barrington and Lexden deposits 
are Postglacial) when the climate of this island was somewhat 
warmer than it is at present. There are indications in the disap- 
pearance of Hlephas antiquus and Rhinoceros leptorhinus, as well as 
of Oyrena fluminalis and Unio litoralis, that it became afterwards 
colder, and probably colder than it is now; and my own belief is 
that a still colder period supervened, which is evidenced by the 
mechanical accumulation of that drift covering which I have deno- 
minated “trail” +. 
* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe. vol. xix. p. 400. + Ibid. vol. xxii. p. 554. 
(For the Drsctusston on this paper, see p. 734.) 
