DISCOVERIES IN THR CRESSWELL CAVES. 729 
remarked that the horse, so abundantly represented in this stratum 
in the other caverns, is here only represented by two teeth; while 
the remains of Bison, very rarely found in the former, are numerous, 
the vertebre and horn-cores, so universally eaten by hyznas in the 
other caves, being here for the most part intact. 
The red sandy cave-earth, therefore, represents in this cave the 
oldest fossiliferous horizon in the others; and the underlying red 
clay, No. 3, and ferruginous sand, No. 2, are unmistakably to be re- 
ferred to a still older period, the white sand, No. 1, without fossils 
being found alike in all the caves of the Cresswell Crags. 
Notes on Prerstocenr MamMatta. 
If the accompaning list of Pleistocene species be examined it will 
be observed that in the older period of the red clay and ferruginous 
sand the animals inhabiting the district were very different from 
those found in the succeeding deposits in this and the other caverns. 
While the Spotted Hyzena, Fox, Bear, and Bison are common to both, 
the former is characterized by the presence of the Hippopotamus and 
leptorhine Rhinoceros, and by the absence of the Horse, Woolly 
Rhinoceros, and Mammoth, as well as by the absence of traces of 
Man. 
Pleistocene Fuuna of Mother Grundy’s Parlowr. 
Ferrugi- ae 
nous |RedClay. Ge 
eal earth. 
Pal eolifhic: implementsy sass... osecetseosecscees cence 506 n00 * 
Spotted Hyena (var. H. spele@d) .........cse0e.00 * % * 
Hox (Canis vulpes) ........cscrecoscvceceecoecncesseees : * * 
IB GATN CUCKOLD WR OTCLOS)N weisceswdsae coer ee paaes scenes: is * * 
Bison (Bison priscus) .......2ceccecseeeeecsseceseerees * * * 
Reindeer (Cervus tarundus) ......1.1.ssceeeeseerees sya 406 * 
Hippopotamus (H. major = amphibius) ............ * * a 
Horse (Hgu2s fossilis) ......0.:0.cccvceeseceecneseeees ane o6c * 
Leptorhine Rhinoceros (i. leptorhinus, Owen) * * ae 
Woolly Rhinoceros (2. tichorhinus, Pal.) ......... 500 300 * 
BIGGS 5 capsqdeinoangonnoapasqbousodansoncadobonoDGadoENN 38¢ 560 * 
The palzolithic implements in the above list consist of pot-boilers 
and rude splinters of quartzite, and one imperfect hache of ironstone 
of the ‘type Acheulien,’ similar to that figured in this Journal from 
the Robin-Hood Cave (Q. J. G.S. vol. xxxiii. p. 593). The Bear (re- 
presented by 17 bones and teeth) probably belongs to the Grizzly 
species, U. ferow, found in the neighbouring caves. The Reindeer is 
represented by 38, and the Horse by 2, while the Bison and the 
Hyena stand at the head of the list with 143 and 114 specimens. 
The remains of the Elephant, from the upper stratum, are too frag- 
mentary to allow of specific determination. 
The Hippopotamus is represented by fragments of skull and the 
complete molar series of both sides of the upper jaw, one premolar, 
