730 PROF. B. DAWKINS AND REY. J. M. MELLO ON 
two upper incisors, all belonging to one individual, a right upper 
maxillary with the permanent dentition just coming into play and 
replacing the deciduous series, three lower premolars, a pair of 
shoulder-blades, and some vertebree. The remains imply the pre- 
sence of at least three individuals, in none of which is the adult true 
molar dentition completed. All are young adults. 
The remains of the Rhinoceros leptorhinus of Owen consist of 
thirteen teeth and fragments of teeth which correspond with the 
specific definition published in the Journal of this Society, 1867 
(vol. xxiii. p. 215). 
The following measurements, taken in inches at the base of the 
crown, are uniform with those already published in this Journal, and 
indicate a slight difference in the proportion of the two upper molars 
as compared with those from Lexden, Clacton, Grays Thurrock, 
and Durdham Down (J. ¢. p. 224) :— 
1. Antero-posterior taken along the outside 
OL CLOW TU OHe ARE ate Wri apts Lh 1:9 1:95 
9, Antero-transverse across the front lobe 
OF tooth. bes ee ENE REE ec ee 2:32 2-4 
8. Postero-transverse across hindlobe of tooth 1:9 2:15 
Some of the Rhinoceroses were half-grown calves with the milk- 
dentition in various stages of wear. 
CLASSIFICATORY VALUE oF Hippopotamus AND LEPTORHINE 
RHINOCEROS. 
These two animals are so frequently companions in the caves and 
river-deposits in Britain, that there is reason for believing that they 
mark a stage in the zoology of the Pleistocene period. Both are 
southern species, the- Hippopotamus being now confined to Africa, 
while the leptorhine Rhinoceros is to be viewed also as an extinct 
species of southern habit. They are associated together in no less 
than sixteen caverns and river-deposits which I have examined in 
this country, and are very generally accompanied also by the EHlephas 
antiquus. The Hippopotamus is a survival from the fauna of the 
Pliocene, and is met with in the Preglacial forest-bed of Norfolk, 
in the Mid-Pleistocene deposits of the Thames valley, the Post- 
glacial strata of Bedford, and the caves of Cefn and Pont Newydd,near 
St. Asaph. The leptorhine Rhinoceros occurs in the fluviatile strata 
under the Hessle clay near Burghin Lincolnshire’, in the brick-earths 
of the Thames valley, and in the above-mentioned Postglacial caverns. 
As a rule, these animals are not met with in association with the 
Mammoth and the Pleistocene stages. They are, however, associated 
with the Reindeer in the caves of Kirkdale and Victoria in Yorkshire, 
of Cefn and Pont Newydd in the valley of the Elwy, and in theriver- 
strata of Bedford, Brentford, London, and Peckham. It is therefore 
evident that they inhabited Britain while the arctic Mammalia were 
* T have to thank Mr. Jukes-Browne for this locality. 
