part 3] iMMONIl^S I' ( ROM NEW ZEALAND. <>0t 



cf. cornucopia (Young & Bird) indicate Liassic deposits of an age 

 younger than the Sinemurian ; hut their exact horizon within the 

 Lias cannot easily be determined. It is also possible, of course, 

 that they do not all three come from the same horizon. On the 

 one hand, the Lytoceras fragment resembles the Toarcian Lyto- 

 ceras ( Thysanoceras) cornucopia, previously recorded from New 

 Caledonia, more than it does Middle and Lower Liassic species. 

 On the other hand, the fauna of the Terebratula-aspasia Beds of 

 Sicily, which includes a majority of forms of the ibex zone — 

 notably most of the Tropidoceras found at Charmouth 1 — contains 

 a similar assemblage of Phylloceras, Phacophyllites, and Lyto- 

 ceras, as does a Domerian-Toarcian fauna from Baluchistan in the 

 British Museum (Geol. Soc. Coll.). 3 The reference of the three 

 New Zealand forms to the Middle Lias is thus more or less 

 provisional; but their typically Mediterranean aspect makes a 

 direct marine connexion of the New Zealand Sea by way of New 

 Caledonia, Rotti, and Annam with the Himalayan extension of 

 the Tethys appear very probable. 3 



[It may here be mentioned that four specimens of Upper Lias 

 Dactylioceras have since been l'eceived from the Geological Survey 

 of New Zealand. These are : Dactylioceras cf . anguinum 

 (Reinecke), 4 D. aff. commune (Sowerby), and D. spp. juv., showing 

 a striking resemblance to forms described by Boehm 5 as Peri- 

 sphinctes timorensis. They are from north of Ururoa Point, 

 outside Kawhia Harbour, but are preserved in a matrix different 

 from that of the three examples referred above to the Middle Lias. 

 Whether the latter are Domerian or not, the Dactylioceras, 

 resembling forms found in Japan and Rotti, undoubtedly indicate 

 the presence of the Toarcian.] 



There is no ammonite definitely referable to the Middle Jurassic, 

 for Phylloceras aff. mecliterraneum Neumayr may well be of 

 Upper Jurassic age. Phylloceras cf. polyolcum (Benecke) and 

 Lytoceras cf. rex Waagen also cannot be accurately dated, though 

 they are compared with forms from the acanthictcs zone and 

 Katrol Beds, suggesting a Kimmeridgian age. It has already 



1 See L. F. Spath, ' On a New Ammonite Genus (Dayiceras) from the Lias 

 of Charmouth ' Geol. Mag. vol. lvii (1920) p. 543 ; also, ' Correlation of the 

 Ibex & Jamesoni Zones of the Lower Lias ' ibid. vol. lx (1923) p. 8. 



2 L. F. Spath, 'Cretaceous Cephalopoda from Zululand ' Ann. S. A. Mus. 

 vol. xii (1921) p. 272; also H. L. Hawkins, "Morphological Stiulies on the 

 Echinoidea, &c. : pt. xii — Pseudopygaster, &c.' Geol. Mag. vol. lix (1922) 

 pp. 213-14. 



3 See E. Haug, ' Traite de Geologie ' vol. ii, fasc. 2 (1907) map on p. 1113. 

 Also E. Dacque, ' Der Jura in der Umgebung des Lemurischen Kontinents ' 

 Geol. Rundschau, vol. i (1910) p. 164. 



4 This form is not identical with that which characterizes the lowest horizon 

 of the falcifer zone ; see L. F. Spath, ' Upper Liassic Succession near Uminster 

 (Somerset) ' in S. S. Buckman, ' Jurassic Chronology : II. Preliminary Studies ' 

 Q. J. G. S. vol. lxxviii (1922) p. 450. 



5 Op. cit. Neues Jahrb. Beilage-Band xxv (1908) p. 332 & pi. xii, figs. 5-6. 



