part 3] AMMONITES EROM NEW ZEALAND. 303 



from Koutukowhai Point, Kawhia Harbour, is closer to Kossmatia 

 richteri (Oppel). 1 



The genus Berriasella, to which Ammonites novozelandicus 

 (Hauer) probably belongs, characterizes the uppermost zone of 

 the Jurassic (privasenszs zone), wherefore the three zones of 

 the Tithonian, mentioned in the table on p. 304, are apparently 

 represented in New Zealand. 



Since the correlation of the beds of the uppermost Jurassic is 

 still very uncertain, a note is here added on the upper limit of that 

 system, so as to make clear what is meant in this paper by 

 Tithonian. In conclusion, it may be mentioned that Uhlig 2 

 attached the Maori Jurassic to the Himalayan Province ; but there 

 is probably as much affinity of the New Zealand ammonites to 

 Alpine and South American forms. When only strictly contem- 

 poraneous faunas are considered, some of Uhlig's ' provinces ' cease 

 to have any meaning ; but, if I follow one great master of 

 Ammonites, S. S. Buckman, in laying stress on the incompleteness 

 of the Mesozoic record and in being sceptical about the influence 

 of geographical causes, I am fully conscious of the permanent 

 value of such monumental works as the surveys of the distribution 

 of the Jurassic by those other great workers on Ammonites : 

 namely, Neumayr and Uhlig. 



(4) Note on the Upper Limit of the Jurassic. 



Prof. A. P. Pavlow, 3 some twenty-seven years ago, in these 

 pages gave a correlation of the boundary-beds between the Upper 

 Jurassic and the Lower Cretaceous, and his classification is still 

 followed in the most recent works, although he included in the 

 Jurassic certain beds at Speeton that are really well up in the 

 Yalanginian or Lower Cretaceous. It is surprising how little is 

 known, even at the present day, about, for instance, the supposed 

 equivalence of the so-called ' Aquilonian ' Graspedites zones of the 

 ' boreal ' province with the ' Lower Berriasian ' or ' Upper ' 

 Tithonian of the Mediterranean area. 



In the Jura Mountains, where the marine Yalanginian or Lower 

 Neocomian is underlain by freshwater beds, referred to the Pur- 

 beckian, the delimitation of the Jurassic is simple enough. But 

 it has been held 4 that, if the original separation of the Jurassic 

 and Cretaceous Systems had been based on the succession in the 

 Alps, instead of on that in North-Western Europe, the Cretaceous 

 would have been made to include the whole of the Tithonian. 

 For the fauna of the ' Upper Berriasian ' or Infra valanginian is 

 so intimately allied to that of the Tithonian or ' Lower Berriasian' 



1 In K. A. Zittel, ' Cephalopoden der Stramberger Schichten ' Pal. Mitt. 

 Mus. K. Bayer. Staates, vol. ii (18G8) p. 108 & pi. xx, fig-. 10. 



- ' Die Marmexi Reiche des Jura & der Unterkreide ' Mitt. Geol. Gesellsch. 

 Wien, vol. iv (1911) pp. 389, 410, &c. 



3 ' On the Classification of the Strata between the Kimeridgian & Aptian ' 

 Q. J. G. S. vol. lii (1896) p. 548, table. 



4 E. Haug, ' Traite de Geologie ' vol. ii, fasc. 2 (1907) p. 1162. 



