608 



MR. S. Ii. "WARE EX OJs THE 



[vol la 



XXIX, 



terraces, the human industries, the fauna, and the earth-movements, 

 to a fairly small margin of error. 



The coast from Holland to Clacton, a distance of 8 or 4 miles, is 

 occupied by a continuous sheet of Taplow Terrace gravel. Both 

 the base-level and the surface-level vary in different places ; but, 

 generally speaking, the mass of the gravel lies between 15 and 

 50 feet O.I)., below and above. I have had no success in finding 

 either human implements or any fauna in this sheet. 



The Clacton elephant-bed is closely associated with the Holland 

 sheet of gravel ; but I have never seen a section that clearhy 

 showed the junction. The two are of totally different character, 

 the Holland sheet being a cleanly Avashecl, strongly stratified, 

 torrential sheet of gravel and sand ; while the elephant-bed repre- 

 sents the t sil ting-up of a stagnant backwater, into which drifted 

 and settled all the lighter debris of mud, wood, shells, and bones. 



COKRELATION OF LOWER THAMES V ALLEY DRIFTS. 



Terraces. 



Fauna 



Human industries. 



Boynt 



I E. antiquus. , Chellean 

 Do. 



Late Boyne i Do. I Late Chellean 



and and 



Early Taplow. Do. lEarly Acheulian Mesvinian. 



Mid Taplow. , Mixed. 



Late Taplow. E.primigenius. 

 Ponders End. Do. 



Buried Channel Do. 



Late Acheulian. 



Proto- 



Mousterian. 



Mousterian. 



Physical 

 conditions. 



Climate. 



Basedevel. 



Wj 



Rejuvenation. ! Temperate. 

 Arrest. 



Submergence. Colder. 

 Rejuvenation. I 



Further [ Arctic, 



rejuvenation. 



Temperate ( 



Submergence, i 



Several contiguous bones are sometimes found together in the 

 position of life. Possibly this silting-up may be correlated with 

 the first setting-in of submergence, and the arrest of active erosion 

 noted at Grays. 



I am indebted to Mr. Guy Maynard for a copy of a manuscript 

 section of the Essex coast, preserved in the Saffron Walden 

 Museum, and believed to be by the hand of J. Brown, of Stanway, 

 the pioneer of Essex Pleistocene Geology. This would appear 

 to indicate the Holland Gravel as passing continuously over the 

 elephant-bed; but the section is too crude and sketchy to be reliable. 



The Bev. Osmond Fisher l and Mr. W. H. Dalton 3 o-ive 



1 Geol. Mag. vol. v (1868) p. 213. 



2 ' The Geology of the Neighbourhood of Colchester' Mem. Geol. Surv. 1880, 

 p. 9-10. 



