612 MK. S. H. WARREN ON THE [vol. lxxix, 



Mr. H. Picton l has also published a section taken near the 

 eastern margin of the channel (east of groyne A), where the beds 

 are becoming attenuated. His layer No. 1 of dark stiff clay = my 

 bed q, and although he says ; without shells, ' many shells may be 

 collected from it in places. 1 should ignore 2 and 3 as a mere 

 parting between the thicker beds. Layer 4, of blue loam = my x ; 

 this. Mr. Picton says, rests directly upon the London Clay (and 

 thus completely overlaps y) a little to the east of the site of his 

 section. Layer 5 I should again ignore. Layer 6, ' sand, shells, 

 and broken flints ' from 3 to o inches thick, is the feather-edge of 

 my bed y. In the centre of the channel, the outcrop of this bed 

 on the foreshore extends from half-tide level to far below the 

 level of the lowest tides. 



The Clacton bed is situated on the present western margin of 

 the Holland gravel-terrace, and the surface-level slopes from 47 to 

 48 feet O.D. down to the salt-marshes, over the site of the 

 elephant-bed, which originally had the gravel-banks on each side. 



The hard clay (k) is represented in the previously published 

 sections as overlapping the eastern gravel-bank of the old stream, 

 but as being (at this spot) again overlain by more stratified sand 

 and gravel. I think the latter must belong to the estuarine series, 

 which I have seen up to 6 fee.t in thickness, as recorded in the 

 Survey Memoir. As it has suffered erosion, it seems improbable 

 that this was its original maximum ; I have traced it up to about 

 30 feet O.D. or rather more, but I have drawn it higher in the 

 section, as I am fully assured that it must extend farther. 



A marine horizon occurs in the Pleistocene deposits which 

 underlie the salting areas, as at Lion Point (west of Clacton), 

 Stone Point (Walton), and Mill Bay (Dovercourt). It is charac- 

 terized by an abundance of 03'sters, etc., and it is covered by a 

 stony loam which appears to represent the Trail ; while remains of 

 Eleplias. Rhinoceros, etc., may sometimes be found beneath it. 

 At Lion Point 3 this horizon yields a great abundance of rolled and 

 derived examples of TJnio littoralis indicating the contemporary 

 erosion of deposits of that character. The identification of this 

 marine horizon, at and about the level of 5 feet below O.D., with 

 the estuarine series at 20 to 30 feet above O.D. seems obvious, and 

 is probably correct. 



The scheme of correlation with other localities which has been 

 already indicated suggests a Mousterian date for this period of 

 submergence. 



I have washed out samples of the hard clay (bed Tc), but without 

 obtaining any useful result. Towards the western part of the 



1 Proc. Prehist. Soc. E. Anglia, vol. i (1912) p. 158. 



- The series of deposits exposed on the foreshore here between tide-marks 

 is as follows, from above downwards : — (1) Recent Scrobicidaria clay ; 

 (2) Peat ; (3) ' Lyonesse ' surface, with Early Bronze-Age remains ; 

 (4) Brick-earth ; (5) Marine horizon, yielding oysters and derived TJnio 

 littoralis ; (6) Calcareous flinty gravel, containing Mesvinian implements and 

 bones of Elephas, etc. ; (7) London Clay. 



