part 4] ELEPHAS- ANTIQUUS BED OF CLACTOX-OX-SEA. 615 



in the British Museum (Natural History), the private collection 

 of Mr. H. Picton, and many specimens scattered in other museums, 

 have been consulted, but no example of Elephas primi genius has 

 been observed. 



The great majority of the molars of the Clacton elephant are 

 typical of E. antiquus, and although a few of them vary in the 

 direction of E. trogontherii, it is usually only in some one character 

 that they show this tendency, but not in the associated group of 

 characters. It is generally the less worn teeth that look the least 

 typical of E. antiquus, because I have noticed that the plates of 

 enamel tend to be drawn nearer together towards the top of the 

 tooth. 



The bones of the limbs, ribs, vertebrae, etc., are very massive, 

 and almost rival those of E. meridionalis in size, but there are no 

 molars referable to this species. 



The bovine remains in my possession include a fine pair of horn- 

 cores of large size referable to Bos primi genius, and a large 

 collection of limb-bones of massive proportions. There are also 

 lighter limb-bones which probably belong to Bison. 



There is one bone, a metacarpus, representing a small bovine, 

 smaller than the ordinary Bos longifrons, and probably belonging 

 to the same species as the metatarsus found by Mr. A. Wrigley 

 at Temple Mills. I think that it must be the species described by 

 Owen under the name of Bison minor; very little, however, is 

 known about it. This metacarpus is damaged, but its approximate 

 dimensions are : — length = 155 or 160 mm. ; width of proximal end 

 = 48 - 5mm. ; circumference = 84 - 5 mm. I am indebted to Dr. C. 

 W. Andrews for having carefully compared this bone, in common 

 with many other critical specimens, at the British Museum (Natural 

 History). 



Of the cervine antlers, those belonging to Cervus browni 1 are by 

 far the most abundant ; but they are usually much damaged. The 

 best-pi'eserved antler in my collection is referable to C. elaplius. 

 There are also quite a number of broken fragments of the antlers 

 of a big cervine, probably C. megaceros (or perhaps Alces maclilis), 

 or possibly even both may be present. There is a well-preserved 

 lower jaw which presents certain peculiarities, particularly in the 

 unusual development of the accessory column of the last molar. 

 If it be characteristic of C. browni, it would be well worth 

 figuring and describing in detail ; but, in the absence of com- 

 parative material, it appears to be impossible to be sure of this. 



The cervine limb-bones fall into three corresponding groups : 

 namely, those of the big deer, an intermediate group which agrees 

 with C. elaplius, and a group of smaller bones which may (I 

 think) be correlated with the G. browni antlers without risk of 

 mistake. The bones of 0. browni are considerably smaller than 

 those of 0. elaplius, but larger than the living 0. clama ; to the 



1 W. B. Dawkins, Q. J. G. S. vol. xxiv (1868) p. 511. 

 Q. J. G.S. No. 316. 2t 



