part 4] ELEPtfAS-ANTlQUUS BED OF CLACTOX-OS-SEA. 619 



approximate contemporaneity with West Wittering and Selsey, 

 which had the same physical history as Clacton itself. The 

 Mesvinian flint-industry points to some part of the Acheulian 

 stage, probably the earlier part. Thus the various lines of inde- 

 pendent evidence are supplementary one to the other, and there is 

 no undue difficulty that needs to be explained awa}\ 



Finally, it only remains for me to pay the warmest tribute to 

 the numerous collaborators in both the Clacton and the Lea Valley 

 work ; particularly to the late Mr. Clement Beid, Mrs. E. M. 

 Beid, Miss M. E. J. Chandler, Mr. A. S. Kennard, Mr. B. 13. 

 Woodward, Mr. E. T. Newton, Dr. A. Smith Woodward, 

 Dr. C. W. Andrews, Mr. Martin Hinton, Mr. T. H. Withers, and 

 Mr. James Groves. 



Appendix I. — The Fossil Flora of Clactox-ox-Sea. By Mis. 

 Eleaxor Mary Beid, B.Sc, F.L.S., F.G.S., and Miss 

 Mar.torie Elizabeth Ja>e Chandler. 



The investigation of the fossil flora of Clacton was first begun 

 by the late Clement Beid in 1916, from material collected by 

 Mr. S. Hazzledine Warren. The work was never completed, and, 

 at the further request of Mr. Warren, it was taken up again in the 

 spring of 1922 by ourselves, when we re-examined the whole 

 material. By far the greater number of Mr. Beid's 111 deter- 

 minations remain unaltered ; but, in the case of a few, we consider 

 that he was mistaken, and further research has revealed a con- 

 siderable number of unrecognized, or undetermined, species, bringing 

 the total up to 13-5, a list of which is appended (facing p. 622). 



Before making any comments of our oavii, the conclusions to 

 which Mr. Beid's work had led him must be stated. These may 

 be gathered from his letters to Mr. Warren as the work progressed, 

 between February 1th and April 5th, 1916. A few extracts from 

 these follow here. 



'March 2, 1916 . . . The flora is most interesting-, and is well worth 

 further work, as it ought to throw much light on climatic conditions. Have 

 you been able to make out where the stream came from, and what were the 

 deposits that lined its banks F The flora does not agree with that of a stream 

 flowing through London Clay ; it points either to a dry climate or to dry 

 gravelly stream-banks : I cannot say which.' 



' March 16, 1916 . . . These 58 species point clearly to a small stream 

 (not estuarine), bordered by sandy bluffs; and I do not at present think 

 that the stream came from a Chalk area. The climate was probably some- 

 what drier and warmer than now -in fact the evidence agrees with West 

 Wittering and Selsey ; but the drought and warmth may have been only 

 in the summer.' 



'March 21, 1916 ... 1 have now worked through all the material 

 critically, and have determined about 110 flowering plants, three or four others 



