part 4] ELEPHAS-ANTIQUUS BED OF CLACTON-OX-SEA. 635 



noticed, and he hoped that the Author would continue his work 

 there. Coast-sections were liable to change, and needed constant 

 observation. 



He was glad to note Mrs. Reid's remarks as to the relations of 

 the Clacton deposit with the Forest-Bed of the Norfolk coast. 

 On stratigraphical grounds he held that the latter was the older, 

 and it was satisfactory that in this case stratigraphy and 

 paleobotany were in agreement. 



Mr. W. Johnson suggested that, in view of the general 

 character of the fauna and flora of the Lea-Valley deposits, 

 boreal would be a better term than Arctic, and that the latter 

 term might be reserved as an equivalent for Glacial. Where 

 did the Author place the dividing-line between the Pleistocene 

 and the Holocene ? Was the presence of the Mammoth deemed 

 sufficient to class a deposit as Pleistocene ? He thought that the 

 Admiralty section at Spring Gardens might be considered as 

 marking the commencement of a cold period, which lasted through- 

 out the time when the buried channel was eroded, and during the 

 infilling of the greater portion of that channel, the Ponders End 

 deposit coming near the close. After the Ponders End deposit 

 came further slight subsidences, indicated perhaps by the Hackney - 

 Wick section. With respect to the Mesvinian implements, they 

 seemed to represent types which are found in several periods, and, 

 unless associated as a group, they would require further investi- 

 gation before the date assigned could be accepted. 



Dr. II. L. Sherlock mentioned that recently he had mapped a 

 considerable area of clay at Cheshunt, in the Lea Valley. The 

 clay, which appeared to be within the flood-plain terrace, was in 

 part blue and in part black, the latter burning white as if the 

 blackness were caused by organic matter. Unfortunately, only a 

 very poor section had been seen, as the outcrop was built over, and 

 evidence was obtainable solely from well-records. 



The clay, which has not yielded fossils, is usually from 2 to 3 

 feet thick, although in one case there Avas over 14 feet of it. He 

 asked the Author whether this clay was likely to be the Arctic Bed 

 of Ponders End. 



Mr. G. W. Lamplttgh asked whether the Author had found any 

 evidence bearing on the relationship of the Clacton and Ponders- 

 End deposits to the products of the great glaciation which were 

 recognizable a little farther north. 



Prof. P. G. H. Boswell said that, according to the plant- 

 remains, the Clacton deposits were to be correlated rather with 

 those of Selsey than with the Cromer Eorest-Bed, Avhereas the 

 mammalian remains seemed to recall the Cromer Forest-Bed. It 

 was indubitable that the Cromer Forest-Bed was earlier than the 

 first naval till of the East of England. 



Tin' A.UTHOB thanked the Fellows for their favourable reception 

 of bis paper. He was glad that Prof. Sollas agreed with the 

 Mousterian affinities of the Hint-industry, which however, as a 

 whole, was much more primitive than a true Mousterian industry, 



