42 ME. J. E. MAKE. ON THE TARN'S OP LAKELAND. [Feb. 1 895, 



large tarn at a height of 1210 feet. The present exit is over rock 

 in situ, but the bay at the south-western angle of the tarn (south of 

 the present exit) is continued as a moraine-blocked valley running 

 in a north-westerly direction, and joining the present stream some 

 distance below its exit from the tarn, south of Black Aliens. 



Y. Taens between the Duddon Valley and Wastdale. 



Between the Duddon Valley and Eskdale lies Devoke "Water, at a 

 height of 766 feet above sea-level. This and Burnmoor are two of 

 the largest tarns in the district, being nearly the size of Bydal Mere, 

 usually excluded from the tarns. At the present exit of Devoke 

 Water there are large loose blocks in the beck, but granite occurs 

 in situ close to the beck and probably at no great distance beneath 

 it. The stream from the exit runs, as is often the case with these 

 tarns, at right angles to the longer axis of the tarn and not at its 

 end. At the south-western end is a moraine-blocked valley, con- 

 tinuing to Black Beck, and the drift fills the valley (here dry) to a 

 considerable distance below the 700-foot contour-line. As Devoke 

 Water is only 51 feet deep, this moraine-matter is quite sufficient 

 to block the valley and give rise to the tarn. The moraine rises at 

 the col to a height of about 30 feet above lake-level, so that a total 

 thickness of about 80 feet of moraine is required to cause the 

 obstruction, a thickness far exceeded by that of many of the great 

 moraine-mounds of the district. 



North of the Woolpack Inn in Eskdale lies Eel Tarn, a small 

 sheet of water (now largely filled up with vegetation) in a little side 

 valley running into Whillan Beck, the stream issuing from Burnmoor 

 Tarn. The valley may originally have drained into Whillan Beck 

 by the course of the present stream, which shows no rock in situ 

 near its exit, but it more probably drained by a more important 

 valley (now dry and moraine-filled) north-east of the present stream. 



One of the most interesting tarns that I have examined is 

 Burnmoor Tarn, on the moorland between Eskdale and Wastdale, 

 at a height of 832 feet. An examination of the tarn in the field 

 shows, even more clearly than on the map, that though its drainage 

 is into Eskdale by Whillan Beck, it is naturally situated in Miterdale. 

 The tarn has its longest axis in a north-east and south-westerly 

 direction, and this is also the direction of Hardrigg Gill, which 

 enters its upper end from the slopes of Scawfell, and of the river 

 Mite, which rises about ^ mile below its lower end (see fig. 8). 

 The present exit is at the east side of the north-eastern end of the 

 tarn, nearly at right angles to the longer axis of the tarn, and the 

 stream issuing across it is clearly seen to cut through the ridge 

 which elsewhere separates the Esk and Mite Valleys. The maximum 

 depth of the tarn is 31 feet. At the south-western end of the 

 tarn, a drift-filled depression is traceable for about ^ mile, and 



