Vol. 51.] ME. E. B. NEWTON ON FOSSILS FROM MADAGASCAR. 73 



T. costata occur in all these regions, Ceromya concentrica and Modiola 

 imbricata are recorded from Eastern Africa and Madagasc ar, while 

 Stephanoceras Herveyi, Gorbula pectinata, and JRhyndhonella concinna 

 are found alike in Madagascar and India. The Jurassic rocks of 

 Eastern Africa extend from Abyssinia, 1 through Shoa, Mombassa, 

 Mtaru to Mozambique, at which latter locality Beyrich 2 has 

 reported the discovery of a Phylloceras (allied to) Jieterophyllum, a 

 species also found in Madagascar. 



Several cephalopods have been described from East African loca- 

 lities by Beyrich, 3 Douville, 4 Tornquist, 5 and Futterer, 6 many of 

 them being referred to Indian forms, and the correlation-tables 

 given by the last-named author prove very conclusively that a close 

 relationship exists between these widely separated Jurassic regions. 



In completing my work on the fossils shortly to be described I 

 wish to record my obligations to the following specialists for their 

 kindly assistance and advice : — To the late M. Gustave Cotteau for 

 identifying the Cretaceous echinoid; to Prof. T. Rupert Jones, Dr. 

 G. J. Hinde, Mr. E. Wethered, Mr. E. T. Newton, and Mr. W. W. 

 "Watts for their help in identifying the limestone-structures ; to 

 Mr. G. C. Crick for suggestions regarding the cephalopods ; and to 

 Mr. Edgar Smith for examining the post-Tertiary mollusca. 



It is important to note that Mr. Baron, following up a former 

 precedent in connexion with his first series of Malagasy fossils, has 

 most generously given the present collection to the Geological 

 Department of the British Museum. 



II. Previous Wore on the Paleontology of Madagascar. 7 



The earliest record bearing upon this subject is by Buckland, 

 who in September, 1821, described a rock of Secondary age from 

 Point Lougi or Loquez, on the north-eastern coast, somewhat resem- 

 bling New Bed Sandstone, but containing no organic remains. The 

 recent limestone-formations occurring round the coast-line of Mada- 

 gascar were also referred to as being " composed of granulated frag- 

 ments of shells agglutinated by a calcareous cement," the shells 

 being too broken to allow of their determination. 



Later in the same year, James Sowerby 9 described Isocardia 

 minima from the English Cornbrash, and stated that he had "similar 

 ones from Madagascar." This would form the first reference to a 

 recognized fossil mollusc from that country. 



1 W. T. Blanford, ' Observations on the Geology and Zoology of Abyssinia,' 

 1870, pi. viii. pp. 176-180, 199-203. 



2 Monatsb. k. preuss. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 1877, p. 765. 



3 Ibid. pp. 96-103. 



4 Bull. Soc. geol. France, ser. 3, vol. xiv. (1886) pi. xii. p. 223. 



6 Jahrb. d. hamburgisch. naturw. Gesellsch. 1893, vol. x. pt. ii. 3 plates, 

 pp. 265-288. 



6 Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch. vol. xlvi. (1894) pis. i.-vi. pp. 1-49. 



7 Excluding references to Quaternary vertebrata. 



3 ' Notice on the Geological Structure of a part of the Island of Madagascar,' 

 Trans. Geol. Soc. ser. 1, vol. v. (1821) p. 479. 

 3 ' Mineral Conchology,' vol. iii. (1821) p. 171. 



