260 DR. J. W. GREGORY ON THE PALEONTOLOGY [Aug. 1895, 



appears more divergent owing to the thinness of the septa. The 

 type of this species is, however, in Turin, and shows that the septa 

 of the first two cycles are of the normal thickness ; the examination 

 of the type left no doubt as to the species being the same as that 

 of Milne-Edwards & Haime. 



The inclusion in the list of synonyms of a species which Duncan 

 assigned to Antillia renders necessary a remark on this genus, and 

 on the value of the epitheca in this group. The genus was founded 

 by Duncan in 1864 ; he included in it a series of species agreeing 

 in having an essential columella and a membraniform epitheca. 

 The septa and costse are of two types : in some species, as in his 

 type-species A. ponderosa, the septa are not lobed and the costse are 

 coarsely dentate ; in other species, such as A. Lonsdaleia, the septa 

 are lobed and the costse finely granulate. In his ' Revision ' (p. 60) 

 he reduces the genus to a subgenus of Circophyllia, and still bases 

 its value on the epitheca. 



The examination of a considerable series of specimens shows, 

 however, that the epitheca is so very variable in this group that it 

 does not appear worthy of even subgeneric value ; the characters 

 of the septa and costse seem much more important. In some 

 specimens the epitheca is present and in others quite rudimentary, 

 and all stages can be seen between the two conditions. In this 

 case the genus has to be split up into two. Duncan's type goes 

 into Lithophyllia, and the A. Lonsdaleia and some others into 

 Circophyllia, 



Milne-Edwards & Haime's M. ponderosa seems to me a different 

 species from that which Duncan has assigned to it. It is well 

 figured in the atlas to the ' Histoire Naturelle des Coralliaires,' 

 pi. d. iii. fig. 2. It appears to me that Duncan's A. bilobata is 

 the same as the true M. ponderosa, Ed. & H., and the M. Gtiesdesi, 

 Duch. & Mich. In the specimens figured by Duncan and by 

 Duchassaing & Michelotti the shape of the corals is bilobed ; but 

 this is only an individual character, for in the series of specimens 

 in the British Museum collection several are regularly elliptical. 



Species 3. Lithophyllia Walli (Duncan). 



Synonymy : — 



Antillia Walli, Duncan, 1865, Toss. Corals Jamaica,' Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 

 vol. xxi. p. 11, pi. ii. fig. 4. 



Distribution. Fossil : Pleistocene ? Bowden, Jamaica (type in Geol. Soc. Mus.). 

 Barbados : Low-level Reefs (B. M. R 1284). 



Subfamily AsiEiEiDJ! cjispitosa 

 Genus Eusmtlia, M. -Edwards <fe Haime, 1848, em. 1857. 

 Species 1. Etjsmilia pastigiata (Pallas), 1766. 



Synonymy : — 



' Madrepora fastigiata, Pallas, 1766, 'Elench. Zooph.' p. 301;' Linnaeus, 1767, 

 ' Syst. Nat.' ed. xii. p. 1280. 



* Madrepora fastigiata, Ellis & Solander, 1786, 'Hist. Nat. Zooph.' p. 152, 

 pi. xxxiii. ; Gmelin, 1790, 'Syst. Nat.' ed. xiii. p. 3777. 



Mussa fastigiata, Oken, 1815, 'Lehrb. Naturg.' Zool. Bd. i. p. 73; Dana, 1848, 

 ' Zooph. Explor. Exped. Wilkes,' vol. viii. pp. 175, 720. 



