262 DR. J. W. GREGORY ON THE PALEONTOLOGY [Aug. 1 89 5, 



indicate an imperfect development of the columella. If it is not so, 

 then Pallas's species is not the fastigiata of all later authors, but is the 

 E. Knorri of Milne-Edwards & Haime, and the E. aspera of Dana. 

 Milne-Edwards & Haime separate the fastigiata of Ellis & Solander 

 from that of Pallas, and make it a synonym of E. Knorri. If this 

 be the case, then all those references in the synonymy of E. fastigiata 

 marked by an asterisk must be transferred to E. Knorri • but there 

 seems to me no reason why this should be done, for they are all 

 based on a figure in which the columella is not shown ; so far as the 

 evidence of the figure goes, one would infer from the aspect of the 

 calices that the columella was most imperfect. The reason that 

 apparently led Milne-Edwards & Haime to suggest this confusion of 

 the synonymy was the character of the costae and epitheca. 



In regard to the name for the second species, I think that the 

 safest course is to take that of Milne-Edwards & Haime, which was 

 accurately diagnosed and figured, instead of the earlier ones of 

 Esper and Dana. Esper included under capitata two species ; it 

 is impossible to remove all doubt as to whether his typical form 

 is fastigiata or Knorri. Dana's species was also so inadequately 

 diagnosed that there can be no certainty regarding it. He makes 

 it a synonym of both the G. fastigiata of Lamarck and the 

 M. capitata of Esper (pi. lxxxi.) ; one of these must be incorrect. 

 Milne-Edwards & Haime regard Dana's Mussa fastigiata and his 

 Euphyllia aspera as the same species. 



Milne-Edwards & Haime diagnosed both species very well, and 

 it seems best to accept them as thus defined, but not to follow these 

 authors in their synonymy. 



Genus Mussa, Oken, 1815, em. Dana 1846. 

 Species Mussa angulosa (Pallas), 1766. 



Synonymy : — 



Madrepora angulosa, Pallas, 1766, ' Elench. Zooph.' pp. 299-300 ; Ellis & Solander, 

 1786, ' Nat. Hist. Zooph.' p. 152, pi. xxxiv. ; Esper, 1788, ' Pflanzenth.' Bd. i. pp. 92- 

 95, pi. Madrep. vii. ; Gmelin, 1790, 'Syst. Nat.' ed. xiii. p. 3781. 



Mussa angulosa, Oken, 1815, ' Lehrb. Naturg.' Zool. Bd. i. p. 73: Dana, 1848, 

 ' Zooph. Explor. Exped. Wilkes,' vol. viii. pp. 176-177, pi. viii. fig. 4 ; M.-Edwards & 

 Haime, 1851, 'Polyp. Paleoz.' Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. t. v. p. 78; iid. 1857, 'Hist. 

 Nat. Cor.' t. ii. pp. 329-330; Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1861, 'Mem. Cor. Ant.' 

 Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Tor. ser. 2, t. xix. p. 345; iid. 1866, 'Suppl. Mem. Cor. Ant.' 

 ibid. ser. 2, t. xxiii. pp. 158, 172; Duchassaing, 1870, 'Rev. Zooph. Ant.' p. 29; 

 Pourtales, 1871, ' Deep-Sea Corals,' 111. Cat. Mus. Comp. Zool. no. iv. p. 72 ; Quelch, 

 1886, ' Reef Corals,' Zool. ' Chall.' Exped. pt. xlvi. p. 12; Ortrnann, 1888, 'Stud. 

 Verbr. Steinkor.' Zool. Jahrb. Bd. iii. Syst. p. 168. 



Caryophyllia angulosa, Lamarck, 1816, 'Hist. Nat. Anim. s. Vert.' t. ii. p. 229 ; 

 Lamouroux, 1824, ' Encycl. Meth. Zooph.' p. 173 ; (pars) Ehrenberg, 1834, ' Cor. roth. 

 Meer.' Abh. k. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1832, p. 315 ; Lamarck, 1836, ' Hist. Nat. Anim. s. 

 Vert.' ed. 2, p. 355. 



Lithodendron anguloswm, Schweigger, 1820, ' Handb. Naturg.' p. 416. 



Lobophyllia angulosa, Blainville, 1830, Diet. Sci. Nat. t. lx. p. 321 ; id. 1834, 

 ' Man. Act.' p. 355, non pi. liii. fig. 3 ; M.-Edwards & Haime, 1849, ' Monogr. Astr.' 

 Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. ser. 3, t. xi. p. 245. 



Caryophyllia dubia, Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1861, 'M6m. Cor. Ant.' Mem. R. 

 Accad. Sci. Tor. ser. 2, t. xix. p. 335, pi. v. fig. 2. 



Distribution. Recent : West Indies. Fossil : Barbados : Low-level Reefs 

 (Pranks Coll.). 



