270 DE. J. W. GEEGOEY ON THE PALEONTOLOGY [Aug. 1895, 



Astrcea ananas, Lesueur, 1820, ' Polyp. Lam.' Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. t. vi. p. 285, 

 pi. xvi. fig. 12 ; Schweigger, 1820, ' Handb. Naturg.' p. 419. 



Astraa ananas (pars), Lamouroux, 1821, ' Expos. Meth.' p. 59, pi. xlvii. fig. 6 ; id,. 

 1824, 'Encycl. Zooph.' p. 127. 



Non Astrcea ananas, Eichwald, 1829, ' Zool. Spec' pars i. p. 183. 



Astrcea ananas (pars), Blainville, 1834, 'Man. Act.' p. 369. 



Non Astrcea ananas, Quoy & Gaimard, 1834, ' Voy. Astrolabe,' Zool. t. iv. p. 207, 

 pi. xvi. figs. 6, 7. 



Astrcea ananas, pars, Lamarck, 1836, ' Hist. Nat. Anim. s. Yert.' ed. 2, t. ii. p. 406. 



Astrcea ananas, Scbomburgk, 1874, ' Hist. Barbados,' p. 562 ; Dana, 1848, ' Zooph. 

 Explor. Exped. Wilkes,' vol. viii. p. 222 ; Duchassaing, 1847, 'Const, geol. Guad.' 

 Bull. Soc. geol. France, ser. 2, t. iv. p. 1095; id. 1850, 'Anim. rad. Ant.' p. 16; id. 

 1855, ' Form. mod. Guad.' Bull. Soc. geol. France, s£r. 2, t. xii. pp. 754, 756 ; Quelch, 

 1886, ' Reef Corals,' Zool. 'Chall.' Exped. pt. xlvi. pp. 12, 98. 



JExplanaria ananas, Ehrenberg, 1834, ' Cor. rotb. Meer.' Abb. k. Akad. Wiss. 

 Berlin, 1832, p. 307. 



Parastrcea ananas, M.-Edwards & Haime, 1850, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. ser. 3, t. xii. 

 p. 172. 



Distribution. 'Recent: West Indies, Florida, Bermuda. Fossil: Barbados: 

 Low-level Reefs, near Bridgetown (Mitchinson Coll.) ; Guadeloupe, newer and older 

 reefs. 



Notes on Synonymy. — The great confusion with this species is 

 due to Linnaeus and Esper, who applied the name to an East- 

 Indian coral, which is no doubt Dichocoenia porcata. Schweigger, 

 in 1820, clearly recognized this ; but many later authors have 

 continued to use the name either for the East Indian species only 

 or for both. The collection at the Museum of Comparative Zoology 

 at Harvard contains some typical specimens from Barbados which 

 agree exactly with one from the raised reefs. 



Subfamily Asie^itj: gemmantes. 

 Genus Okbicella, Dana, 1848. 

 Species 1. Oebicella eadiata (Ellis & Solander), 1786. 



Synonymy : — 



Madrepora radiata, Ellis & Solander, 1786, ' Nat. Hist. Zoopb.' p. 169, pi. xlvii. 

 fig. 8 ; ' Gmelin,' 1790, Syst. Nat. ed. xiii. p. 3765 ; Esper, 1795, ' Pflanzenth.' Fortsetz. 

 Bd. i. pp. 74-75, Madrep. pi. lxi. 



Astr ma radiata, Lamarck, 1816, 'Hist. Nat. Anim.s.Vert.'t.ii.p. 258; Lamouroux, 

 1821, ' Expos. Meth.' p. 57, pi. xlvii. fig. 8 ; id. 1824, ' Encycl. Meth., Zoopb.' p. 132; 

 Lamarck, 1836, 'Hist. Nat. Anim. s. Vert.' ed. 2, t. ii. p. 404; Scbomburgk, 1847, 

 'Hist. Barbados,' p. 562; M.-Edwards & Haime, 1849, 'Monogr. Astr.' Ann. Sci. 

 Nat. Zool. ser. 3, t. xii. p. 101. 



Astrcea radiata, var. intermedia, Duncan, 1863, 'Foss. Cor. W. Ind.' pt. i., Quart. 

 Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xix. p. 421. 



Astrcea {Tubastrcea) radiata, Blainville, 1830, Diet. Sci. Nat. t. lx. p. 334, 

 pi. xxxv. fig. 8 ; id. 1834, ' Man. Act.' p. 368, pi. Iv. fig. 8. 



Explanaria radiata, Ehrenberg, 1834, ' Cor. roth. Meer.' Abh. k. Akad. Wiss. 

 Berlin, 1832, p. 307. 



Orbicella radiata, Dana, 1848, 'Zooph. Explor. Exped. Wilkes,' vol. viii. p. 206. 



Heliastrcea radiata, M.-Edwards & Haime, 1857, 'Hist. Nat. Cor.' t. ii. p. 470; 

 Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1861, 'Mem. Cor. Ant.' Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Tor. 

 ser. 2, t. xix. p. 352 ; iid. 1866, 'Suppl. etc' ibid. ser. 2, t. xxiii. p. 179 ; Duchassaing, 

 1870, ' Rev. Zooph. Ant.' p. 30. 



Madrepora cavernosa, Linnaeus, 1767, 'Syst. Nat.' ed. xii. p. 1276 ; Gmelin, 1790, 

 op. cit. ed. xiii. p. 3767 ; Esper, 1794, ' Pflanzenth.' Fortsetz. Bd. i. pp. 18-21, pi. 

 Madrep. xxxvii. 



Non Madrepora cavernosa, Schlotheim, 1820, 'Petrefactenkunde,' p. 358. 



Favia cavernosa seu astro'ites, Oken, 1815, ' Lehrb. Naturg. Zool.' Abt. i. p. 67. 



Astrcea cavernosa, Schweigger, 1820, ' Handb. Naturg.' p. 419 ; M.-Edwards & 

 Haime, 1849, 'Monogr. Astr.' Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. ser. 3, t. x. pi. ix. fig. 1, t. xii. 

 p. 97 ; iid. 1851, 'Polyp. Paleoz.' Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. t. v. p. 97. 



