350 PERMIAN FRESHWATER LAMELLIBRANCHS [Aug. 1895, 



were so classed in his account of the theriodontia, communicated to 

 the Royal Society. There are traces of coal at the base of the 

 Karoo system, more in the middle and most at the top, where the 

 Indian genera Tamiopteris and others are found. Above these are 

 the Stormberg Beds, which he regarded as Trias, which yield dino- 

 saurian reptiles (saurischia) closely allied to those of the Trias of 

 Europe. He thought it an advantage to have evidence from an 

 invertebrate group of animals upon the age of the beds ; and the 

 results represented patient and careful work. 



Dr. Blaneord said that the Karoo series of South Africa com- 

 prised beds ranging in age from Carboniferous to Middle Mesozoic, 

 probably Jurassic ; and Prof. Green, in the discussion on his paper 

 in the Society's Journal for 1888, had found himself unable to 

 determine what the Beaufort Beds were. The flora found in the 

 lower stages of the Karoo Beds of South Africa, like that in the 

 Lower Gondwanas of India, and that in the Newcastle Beds of 

 Australia, differed so completely from that found in strata of the 

 same age (Carboniferous and Permian) in Europe as to indicate that 

 the Northern and Southern land-regions throughout Upper Palaeozoic 

 times were completely isolated from each other. If, then, the mol- 

 lusca described by Dr. Amalitsky came from beds of Permian age in 

 Russia and South Africa, and were identical or closely allied, it would 

 be a question whether those mollusca were not marine or estuarine 

 rather than freshwater. No traces of any similar bivalves had been 

 found in the Gondwana system of India, the beds of which, on 

 account of their economic importance, had been very thoroughly 

 searched for fossils. 



Prof. T. Rupert Jones said that the Society was to be con- 

 gratulated on receiving an account of Prof. Amalitsky's researches 

 on these African and Russian fossils — whether of Triassic, Permiau, 

 or Permo-Carboniferous age. The Author was careful in speaking 

 of their homotaxis rather than contemporaneity. Those from South 

 Africa had come from places far apart — namely, Graaf Reinet, Kat 

 River, Kimberley, and the north-western border of Lake Nyassa. He 

 thought it possible that they may have been of estuarine (or salt-lake) 

 rather than of river-origin. He particularly alluded to the excellent 

 and exact drawings of the most noteworthy of these little fossils, made 

 by Mme. Amalitsky for comparison with those of Russia. 



Mr. E. T. Newton made some remarks on the synonymy of 

 Naiadites. 



Mr. R. B. Newton thought that there should be no difficulty in 

 accepting the Author's new generic name of Palceanodonta for the 

 three forms described by Sir J. W. Dawson in 1860 as Naiadites 

 arenacea, N ovalis, and N. angulata, which differ so widely from 

 the type of the genus (N. carbonaria), and which had also been 

 wrongly referred by Dr. Wheelton Hind (1894) to Anthracomya and 

 Carbonicola. The Author's synonymy of this new genus would be 

 better explained by the introduction of the word pars after 

 '■Naiadites, Dawson, I860.' 



Mr. G. F. Harris observed that that portion of the paper which 



