Yol. 51.] AND INTERGLACIAL DEPOSITS IN SWITZERLAND. 381 



The gneiss and Grimsel granite-boulders both in the upper mo- 

 raine and in the underlying boulder-clay characterize them both as 

 derived from the Aare area. This combined section, therefore, 

 affords evidence that after the first glaciation the Simme flowed 

 separately into the lake-basin, and formed on the old Aare moraine 

 a delta upon which was superposed a debris-cone when the second 

 advance of the Aare glacier barred its outflow. 



2. Kancler Deposits. Below the village of Hondrich, in a double 

 curve described by the Kander (14, fig. 9), there is the following 

 exposure : — 



t>- i. ("Moraine.. 30 feet. 



, °, \ Gravel-cODglomerate 60 „ 



an ' [ Moraine. 



The gneiss and granite-boulders in both the overlying and the 

 underlying moraine prove the latter to have been derived from the 

 Aare area, while the cemented conglomerate (in which pebbles of 

 Gasteren granite andTavayanaz sandstone predominate).was deposited 

 by the Kander. The same conglomerate re-appears between the 

 first section and the lake, in a cutting of the recently opened railway 

 from Thun to Interlaken (15, fig. 9), the exposure being as follows : — 



Moraine 30 feet. 



Gravel-conglomerate 10 „ 



Moraine. 



In this section, too, the boulders of the upper and lower moraines 

 are derived from the Aare area, and the pebbles of the coarse con- 

 glomerate from the Kander. The two deposits taken together, 

 therefore, show that, after the first glaciation, the Kander flowed 

 separately into the lake and formed the delta of Faulensee on the 

 old Aare moraine. 



3. Kander and Simme Joint Deposits. The second advance of the 

 Aare glacier having barred the separate courses of the Kander and 

 Simme by a moraine-ridge even now more than 350 feet above their 

 present level, they were deflected to the north-west into the present 

 Glutsch Valley. Of this, conclusive evidence is afforded by an 

 interesting exposure in a spur of the almost perpendicular cliff on 

 the right-hand side of the valley, about 1^ mile from the village of 

 Glutsch (16, fig. 9). This section was mentioned by Studer in his 

 ' Monograph on Molasse ' as early as 1825, as containing a band of 

 lignite, which is, however, so thin that it can be detected only after 

 very careful search. The exposure is as follows : — 



Moraine 12 feet 



Gravel 30 „ 



Lignite 0'5 ,, 



Moraine 



o 



Boulder-clay ] 



Gravel-conglomerate 20 



